What is V4 tenses?

Understanding V4 Tenses

The present participle, known as V4, is characterized by its ending in "-ing". It is utilized in continuous tenses and can also serve the purpose of a noun, as illustrated in the sentence "Swimming is fun." Additionally, the simple present tense in the third-person form (V5) is distinctive because it incorporates an "-s" or "-es" for singular subjects, as seen in examples like "he runs" or "she watches."