Causes of Brain Cancer
The normal cells in the body rely on information encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which serves as the fundamental chemical basis for genetics. Certain genes, known as oncogenes, regulate cellular growth and division, while other genes, referred to as tumor suppressor genes, control the timely death of cells. Although the exact reasons behind the development of brain cancer remain unclear, alterations in DNA that affect the functionality of these genes play a significant role in its emergence. The following genetic changes are noteworthy:
- Inherited Genetic Changes: These alterations can lead to rare hereditary conditions such as neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis, thereby increasing the risk of developing brain tumors.
- Acquired Genetic Changes: While these changes are more common, the reasons behind the development of brain cancer in individuals without hereditary conditions are still puzzling. Furthermore, there is no clear connection established between lifestyle factors and brain cancer, with the exception of exposure to radiation.
Risk Factors for Brain Tumors
Risk factors can vary based on the type of cancer, and several elements may elevate the likelihood of developing brain cancer. However, the presence of these factors does not guarantee that an individual will be affected.
Radiation Exposure
Radiation exposure is the only confirmed risk factor associated with brain tumors. The likelihood of developing these tumors increases with exposure to ionizing radiation, such as that emitted from atomic bomb detonations or utilized in radiation therapy.
Other Factors
In addition to radiation exposure, there are other risk factors that may contribute to an increased chance of developing brain tumors, including:
- Obesity.
- Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
- Advancing age.