What Causes Uterine Prolapse?
Uterine prolapse is a medical condition that occurs when the uterus descends into the vaginal canal due to weakened ligaments and muscles that normally support the uterus in its proper position.
There are several factors that contribute to the weakening of the ligaments and muscles responsible for maintaining uterine position, including:
- Multiple pregnancies, especially those involving twins or frequent pregnancies.
- Natural childbirth, particularly if the baby is large, if delivery occurs rapidly, or if there is a prolonged labor period.
- Obesity.
- Excessive straining during bowel movements.
- Reduced estrogen levels associated with menopause.
- Severe coughing related to respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic bronchitis.
- Uterine fibroids.
- Rare cases of pelvic tumors.
- Chronic constipation.
- Repeatedly lifting heavy objects.
Who Is at Risk for Uterine Prolapse?
Some women may be at a higher risk for developing uterine prolapse due to various factors, including:
- Frequent natural births.
- Later-in-life childbirth for the first child.
- Advancing age.
- Undergoing pelvic surgery.
- Chronic constipation.
- A family history of connective tissue disorders.
- Being of Hispanic or Caucasian descent.
- Smoking.
What Are the Symptoms of Uterine Prolapse?
Some women may not experience any noticeable symptoms, especially if the prolapse is mild. However, those with moderate to severe uterine prolapse may exhibit the following symptoms:
- Vaginal bleeding.
- Increased vaginal discharge.
- A sensation of sitting on a ball.
- Difficulty during sexual intercourse.
- Observation of part of the uterus or cervix in the vaginal canal.
- A feeling of heaviness in the pelvic area.
- Constipation or difficulty with bowel movements.
- Frequent urinary tract infections.
- Difficulty completely emptying the bladder.
How Is Uterine Prolapse Treated?
In some cases, uterine prolapse may not require treatment. Your doctor may recommend simple home care strategies to manage the condition, such as:
- Losing excess weight to relieve pressure on the pelvic area.
- Avoiding the lifting of heavy objects.
- Engaging in Kegel exercises to strengthen pelvic and vaginal muscles.
- Utilizing a vaginal pessary, a device inserted into the vagina to help support the cervix and uterus in their proper position.
If these conservative measures do not provide relief, or if the prolapse is severe, surgical options may be considered, such as hysterectomy or surgical repair using a vaginal mesh.
Are There Prevention Methods for Uterine Prolapse?
There are several strategies to help prevent uterine prolapse, including:
- Performing Kegel exercises.
- Managing and treating constipation as effectively as possible.
- Avoiding heavy lifting.
- Treating chronic coughs.
- Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
- Considering estrogen supplements during menopause.