Population Distribution
The distribution of the population is influenced by various factors, both natural and human-made. When individuals seek to settle in a particular area, they typically look for conditions that ensure their comfort. This can result in significant population density in certain regions of the same country, while others may be sparsely populated or entirely devoid of residents. Examples of these influencing factors include climate, topography, soil quality, water availability, transportation infrastructure, and urban development. In this discussion, we will focus specifically on the impact of climate on population distribution.
Climate refers to the long-term patterns of weather in a specific region. For instance, it can be noted that the climate in Jordan is generally mild, with average temperatures that reflect this moderation over extended periods.
The Impact of Climate on Population
It is evident that populations tend to concentrate in areas where rainfall is adequate, resulting in fertile land and moderate temperatures. A close examination of arid desert regions, which receive minimal rainfall, reveals a significantly lower population density. Conversely, regions with higher precipitation rates experience a large concentration of inhabitants. The arrival of rain enhances soil fertility, facilitating the cultivation of essential crops for both personal consumption and trade. Additionally, the presence of water sources contributes to the availability of drinking water for both people and livestock.
Furthermore, populations may gravitate toward areas with rivers, springs, lakes, and seas, even if those areas receive limited rainfall, as they may benefit from water fed by rains falling elsewhere. Rainfall seeps into the ground, replenishing aquifers, rivers, and coastal bodies. This surface water provides multiple benefits and resources for human use, enhancing the attractiveness of these regions for settlement.
In contrast, populations tend to avoid extremely hot or extremely cold environments. For example, the polar regions at the north and south poles are sparsely populated, with only a small number of individuals who have adapted uniquely to the harsh conditions. In these polar areas, extended periods without sunlight hinder plant growth, while dramatically low temperatures limit the survival of animal species to a few rare varieties.
On the other hand, regions like South Sudan are characterized by high temperatures, resulting in exceptionally low population numbers. Elevated temperatures can lead to an increase in harmful reptiles and insects, as well as a rise in diseases affecting both plants and animals, which may subsequently be transmitted to humans. While human beings can generally tolerate higher heat levels better than extreme cold, the challenges posed by consistent high temperatures can significantly impact population settlement and density.