Skin Nodules
Skin nodules are defined as raised protrusions on or just beneath the surface of the skin, typically measuring over 5 mm in diameter. They represent an abnormal growth of tissue and can develop in deep tissues or internal organs. It is important to note that individuals often focus on nodules that are visible on the skin’s surface due to their impact on physical appearance, along with the potential risk of transforming into malignant tumors.
Types of Skin Nodules and Their Causes
Various types of nodules can appear on the skin, each with distinct characteristics and causes. Below are some of the most common types, along with their respective causes:
- Epidermoid Cysts: These are small, non-cancerous lumps that form beneath the skin. They can develop anywhere on the body but are frequently found on the face, neck, and trunk. Epidermoid cysts are characterized by slow growth, are often painless, and may have a black head at their center, discharging a foul-smelling yellowish substance. Typically, they do not pose health risks unless infected, leading to swelling, redness, and discomfort, prompting many individuals to seek medical removal due to cosmetic concerns.
- Lipomas: Lipomas are benign fatty tumors that arise from the growth of fat cells and can develop anywhere there are adipose tissues. Common locations for lipomas include the shoulders, chest, trunk, neck, thighs, and armpits, while they rarely occur in internal organs, bones, or muscles. Some individuals choose to have them excised for aesthetic reasons or due to discomfort. These tumors grow very slowly, often taking months or years to reach sizes of 2-3 cm, though some can grow up to 10 cm.
- Basal Cell Carcinoma: This type of skin cancer involves abnormal growth of basal cells, which line the inner layer of the epidermis. It often resembles open sores, red patches, or scars and is frequently attributed to excessive and repeated sun exposure. Notably, basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer and usually does not metastasize; however, in rare cases, it may spread to other body parts, becoming life-threatening.
- Warts: Warts are benign skin growths resulting from infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV). These contagious growths can spread through direct contact with others or self-inoculation. Warts typically match the skin tone and have a rough, elevated appearance, occasionally darkening to brown or black. They commonly develop on fingers, around nails, and on hands, particularly in areas prone to cuts and scrapes. Various types of warts exist, differing in appearance and location.
- Xanthomas: Xanthomas are characterized by the accumulation of fat within the skin. They can arise due to metabolic changes in lipids or abnormalities within the cells themselves.
Other Skin Masses and Their Causes
In addition to nodules, various other skin masses can occur. Here are a few with their underlying causes:
- Folliculitis: Also known as hair follicle inflammation, folliculitis typically results from an infection of the hair follicles, chemical irritation, or causes such as shaving and friction from tight clothing. It is more frequently observed on the face, thighs, and scalp. Individuals with diabetes, severe obesity, or compromised immune systems are at increased risk for developing folliculitis.
- Dermatofibromas: These are red or brown growths that usually appear on the arms and legs of adults, characterized by a firm texture and often associated with past insect bites or minor trauma. Generally, dermatofibromas are harmless.
- Cherry Angiomas: Cherry angiomas are benign skin growths formed by a cluster of blood vessels. Commonly found on the trunk, these growths vary in size and are believed to have genetic implications, frequently emerging after the age of thirty.
Video on Diseases and Masses Affecting the Neck
Watch the video to learn about the diseases and masses that may affect the neck: