Infection by Cholera, Typhoid, and Giardiasis
Contaminated water sources harbor various types of bacteria and viruses that pose significant health risks when consumed. Among the diseases associated with such water contamination are cholera, typhoid fever, and giardiasis. This contamination primarily arises from the mixing of human and animal waste with drinking water through several avenues, including sewage leaks and runoff from livestock farms.
Diarrheal Diseases and Malnutrition
Globally, polluted water or inadequate sewage disposal is responsible for numerous cases of intestinal diseases that lead to diarrhea. This, in turn, contributes to malnutrition and weight loss, particularly in children. Approximately fifty percent of malnutrition cases are linked to diseases caused by water contamination. It is noteworthy that diarrheal diseases claim the lives of 1.5 million individuals each year, the majority of whom are children. Additionally, an estimated 860,000 deaths annually are attributed to malnutrition related to water pollution.
Heavy Metal Contamination
Exposure to water contaminated with heavy metals, such as mercury and lead, can result in numerous health issues, including cancer, hormonal disruptions, and neurological problems, especially among children and pregnant women. For instance, mercury exposure during pregnancy can adversely affect the development of the central nervous system in the fetus, potentially leading to future health complications. Furthermore, these toxic substances may also enter the human body through the consumption of fish from polluted oceans and seas.
Malaria Infection
Contaminated water bodies create favorable breeding grounds for mosquitoes that transmit malaria in various regions worldwide, resulting in around 500,000 deaths each year. Studies indicate that implementing cleanup and maintenance efforts in these polluted environments can reduce the risk of malaria infection by up to 42%.
Trachoma Infection
Trachoma is an infectious disease that affects the eyes and can lead to blindness. It is primarily spread from person to person due to poor water sanitation. Polluted water is a crucial factor in the propagation of this disease.