The Principles of Migration in Islam
Migration holds significant importance in Islam, with two primary rulings pertaining to it within Islamic law. Each ruling is contingent upon the individual’s circumstances and the environment of the country in which they reside. It is considered obligatory for a Muslim to transition from a land of disbelief to a land of faith, provided two conditions are met: firstly, the individual is unable to practice the tenets of Islam; secondly, the ability to migrate exists without placing undue hardship on oneself. Furthermore, the concept of migration remains relevant and significant following the era of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). As stated in the Quran: (O My servants who have believed, indeed, My earth is spacious, so worship only Me). According to Al-Baghawi (may Allah have mercy on him), this verse was revealed regarding Muslims in Mecca who had not migrated, with Allah addressing them by their status of faith.
Migration is also recommended for those residing in a country where they can publicly practice their faith, but their spiritual condition may be lacking due to insufficient supportive environments. Such individuals are encouraged to seek other places that will help them maintain their faith, as safeguarding one’s religion is of utmost importance in life.
Definition of Migration in Islam
The definition of migration in Islamic thought is articulated through two perspectives: the first view defines migration as the transition from a land of disbelief and warfare to a land of Islam, allowing individuals to conserve their faith and protect themselves from trials and tribulations. The second perspective describes migration as moving from a land of oppression, even if it is a Muslim land, to a realm of justice, even if that land is populated by non-believers.
From this understanding, we can categorize lands into two types: lands of disbelief and lands of belief. Lands of disbelief are those dominated by non-believers, while lands of belief are where the believers are predominant. In some instances, there exists a mixture of both belief and disbelief, and in such situations, interactions should be governed by what is justly deserved.
The Significance and Status of Migration in Islam
Migration possesses a considerable status in Islam, regarded as a form of striving in the path of Allah. During the period when Muslims were oppressed in Mecca, Allah provided them an avenue for escape through migration. This act served as a precursor to the subsequent establishment of jihad for the sake of Allah, leading to numerous victories and openings for the Muslim community. Thus, migration becomes a lawful and necessary option for a Muslim when faced with the tribulations of living in a sinful or immoral environment.
Types of Migration in Islam
Migration is classified into two categories: one that is external and observable, and another that is internal and spiritual. These are detailed as follows:
- Visible Physical Migration
This type is lawful and has been outlined at the outset of this article.
- Internal Spiritual Migration
This involves renouncing sins and evils, adhering to all that Allah (Exalted and Glorious) commands, and avoiding everything He has prohibited. Such a form of migration is essential for every Muslim to maintain obedience to Allah’s commands and to distance themselves from His prohibitions.