The Rules of Quranic Recitation
The term “rules of recitation” refers to the established principles of Tajweed, which aim to regulate the manner in which the Holy Quran is recited and recited melodiously. Scholarly definitions describe it as the proper reading of the Quran in the manner that it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), ensuring that each letter is articulated from its original point of articulation, assigning to it all its characteristics without any unintentional additions or omissions. The focus of the science of Tajweed is on the words of the Quran itself, with the objective of safeguarding the tongue from errors in recitation.
General Principles of Tajweed
Scholars have outlined ten principles pertaining to the science of Tajweed and recitation. Here are a few key points:
- The originator of Tajweed is none other than the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), who received the Quran from Gabriel (peace be upon him). This knowledge was subsequently passed down to his esteemed companions and has been transmitted continuously throughout generations, reaching us today. While there are different opinions regarding who first established the foundations of this science, figures such as Abu al-Aswad al-Du’ali, Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi, and other eminent scholars and readers are mentioned.
- When scholars speak of the virtue of Tajweed, they refer to it as the noblest of all sciences, as it directly pertains to the Book of Allah (the Almighty).
- The issues within this discipline have been elaborately detailed by scholars, resulting in a collection of general rulings that elucidate intricate specifics of this science. Notable topics within the realm of Tajweed include the rules concerning the silent noon (ي), Tanween, and the rules of elongation (Madd).
- It is emphasized in the principles of Tajweed that Islam mandates the learning of these rules. Allah (the Almighty) commands in the Holy Quran: “And recite the Quran with measured recitation.” Scholars regard this divine command as an obligation for Muslims to learn the rules of recitation and Tajweed.
The Importance of Learning the Quran
Learning and reciting the Holy Quran in a manner that pleases Allah (the Almighty) is considered one of the greatest acts of devotion. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) promised those who recite the Quran beautifully that they will enter Paradise alongside the noble angels in the Hereafter. Therefore, he urged the community to engage in its recitation and study. Beyond mere recitation, the Sunnah also emphasizes the merit of completing the Quran, ideally within the span of a month, enabling Muslims to reflect and ponder over its verses. The Prophet (peace be upon him) warned against neglecting the Quran, linking its recitation to specific occasions in an individual’s life.