Fatigue and Exhaustion
The sensation of fatigue and exhaustion, along with a notable loss of energy, ranks among the most prevalent side effects of chemotherapy. This fatigue can manifest as dizziness, confusion, and an inability to perform daily tasks. A distinctive feature of this exhaustion is that it persists despite rest, often lingering for several weeks or even months after the completion of treatment.
Loss of Appetite
It is common for a patient’s appetite for food to diminish as a result of chemotherapy, which can also alter the taste of various foods. Additionally, nausea often arises within a few hours post-treatment and may be accompanied by vomiting. Physicians may prescribe antiemetic medications to alleviate these symptoms, as severe nausea can lead to dehydration due to insufficient fluid intake.
Weakened Immune System
Following chemotherapy sessions, individuals become increasingly susceptible to infections because the treatment can damage healthy immune cells. Furthermore, the duration of infections may extend beyond the normal recovery period if an individual becomes ill.
Hair Loss
Chemotherapy affects hair follicles and increases their fragility, often resulting in hair loss that continues until the treatment course is completed. Typically, hair regrowth occurs after the treatment has ceased, with hair loss being reported in about 65% of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is another common side effect of chemotherapy, often accompanying abdominal cramps, bloating, and a strong urge to defecate. Patients may experience watery diarrhea and, in some cases, a temporary lactose intolerance.
Dry Mouth and Mouth Sores
Patients may experience dry mouth and the development of mouth sores following chemotherapy sessions, making it challenging to consume food and beverages. It is recommended that individuals maintain oral hygiene by using appropriate oral care products to keep the mouth clean and minimize the occurrence of sores.
Other Side Effects
In addition to the aforementioned effects, there are numerous other potential side effects associated with chemotherapy, including:
- Increased tendency to bleed and develop bruises.
- Anemia.
- Constipation.
- Neurological and muscular issues such as numbness, tingling, and pain.
- Changes to skin and nails, including dry skin and alterations in skin color.
- Kidney problems, along with changes in urine and bladder function.
- Difficulty with concentration and attention.
- Fertility issues.