Um Qais Museum
The Um Qais Museum is situated within the archaeological site of the historic Bayt al-Rousan and is perched atop the Acropolis of the ancient city of Um Qais. Construction of the museum commenced in the late 19th century and was completed toward the end of the Ottoman period. In 1990, the museum underwent restoration through a collaborative effort between the Department of Antiquities and the German Protestant Institute. The museum consists of several halls that feature a diverse array of artifacts and elements spanning from the Hellenistic period to the Islamic era. Among the exhibits are pottery items such as lamps, small jars, and masks, as well as discoveries made in the Um Qais necropolis, intricately carved stones, and medium-sized clay jars from the Roman and Byzantine periods. Additionally, the collection includes several statues crafted from basalt and limestone, reflecting Egyptian influences.
Amphitheaters of Um Qais
Um Qais boasts significant amphitheaters, featuring two primary theaters along with a third that was located at the renowned mineral springs. The Northern Theatre stands as the largest of the city’s amphitheaters, visible at the summit of the hill adjacent to the museum. The Western Theatre is particularly notable, constructed from black basalt stone, with its origins tracing back to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.
Nymphaeum Fountain
The Nymphaeum Fountain is located on the Decumanus, near the intersection of the two main streets (Cardo and Decumanus), opposite the terrace area. This fountain is a breathtaking sight, featuring basins and niches adorned with small marble statues. It is believed that the Nymphaeum served as a commemorative monument dedicated to ancient water deities.
Roman Baths
The Roman Baths represent traditional structures comprised of rooms designated for hot, warm, and cold water, as well as a changing area. These baths date back to the 4th century AD and are located in the eastern part of the site, approximately 100 meters away from the paved intersection. Access to the lower sections of the baths can be obtained by following a dirt path leading from the vicinity of the Western Theatre.
Geographical Location of Um Qais
Um Qais is located in northern Jordan, about 28 kilometers from Irbid Governorate. It is renowned as one of the most significant archaeological sites, with origins tracing back to the Greek era, particularly as one of the cities of the Roman league. The city is celebrated for its association with sages and philosophers, famously recognized for its poets throughout history, including the renowned Arabios, who addressed visitors with an inscription on his tomb: “O passerby, just as you are now, I was once; and just as I am now, you will be. Enjoy life, for you are mortal.” It is noteworthy that the city’s name has only been in use for a brief period, derived from the Ottoman word “Mekus,” meaning taxes. The region is also referred to as Um Kays, and it was historically known as Gadara.