Jerash City
Jerash, also known as the City of a Thousand Columns, is one of the largest cities in Jordan. According to the 2015 census, its population reached 50,745 inhabitants. The city is situated in the northern part of the Hashemite Kingdom, at an elevation of 600 meters above sea level, approximately 48 kilometers from the capital city, Amman. Access to Jerash can be obtained via the southern and eastern crossings in Amman, as well as the western crossing in Ajloun, or the northern crossing in Irbid.
Historically, the city was referred to as Gerasa, a name derived from its lush vegetation. It was known as Gerasa during Greek times; however, after the Arabs gained control, it became known as Jerash.
Historical Overview of Jerash
The history of Jerash dates back to the 4th century BC, during which it was governed by Alexander the Great in the Hellenistic period. Its peak, however, occurred under Roman rule when the city transformed into a vibrant commercial and cultural hub, enhancing its relationships with neighboring regions. The Roman occupation lasted for approximately 400 years, making Jerash one of the richest cities outside Italy in terms of Roman architecture and monuments. The Islamic conquest of Jerash took place in 636 AD, leading to its integration into the Umayyad Caliphate.
Key Tourist and Archaeological Attractions in Jerash
Jerash ranks as the second most significant tourist destination in Jordan. Notable archaeological sites include:
Colonnaded Street
This is the main thoroughfare of the city, stretching about one kilometer in length. It is lined on both sides with 71 marble columns, out of an original 520 columns that once stood.
Nymphs’ Fountain
Constructed in the 2nd century AD, this structure features a series of fountains dedicated to the nymphs. The most famous among them is the Nymphaeum, built in 191 AD, which boasts two levels of marble basins and enchanting water features that captivate tourists.
Temple of Artemis
Also built in the 2nd century AD, this temple was dedicated to the goddess tasked with protecting the city. It includes additional temples for Zeus, as well as a cemetery, baths, and irrigation canals.
Hippodrome
Commonly referred to as the circus, the hippodrome features a shape reminiscent of a horseshoe. It was primarily used for horse racing, a practice inherited from the Greeks.
Jerash Basins
As one of the city’s vital water sources, these basins are currently known as Ain al-Qayrawan. It is noted that the Romans celebrated the arrival of spring at these basins with various festivities.
Al-Hamidiyah Mosque
This is one of the most prominent mosques in Jerash, named after Sultan Abdul Hamid. It was constructed towards the end of the 9th century.