Heartburn and Indigestion
Heartburn, also known as gastroesophageal reflux, is characterized by a burning sensation or discomfort resulting from the backflow of stomach acids. This sensation often intensifies when bending over or lying down, as the acids ascend more readily into the esophagus. Accompanying symptoms may include pain in the upper gastric region or abdominal discomfort. Indigestion is frequently associated with this condition, defined as a feeling of unease following the consumption of certain foods that the digestive system struggles to process. Additional symptoms may include burping, abdominal bloating, a sensation of fullness after eating small amounts, and nausea.
Hiatal Hernia
A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes, leading to discomfort. This condition typically doesn’t present noticeable symptoms; however, individuals may experience indigestion, chest burning, or belching.
Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance refers to the body’s inability to digest lactose, a sugar naturally found in dairy products. This inadequacy can lead to a range of symptoms upon dairy consumption, such as stomach pain, gas, diarrhea, and nausea or vomiting.
Gastritis and Esophagitis
Gastritis is defined as inflammation of the stomach’s inner lining, while esophagitis refers to the inflammation of the lining of the esophagus, the tube through which food travels to the stomach. These conditions often arise due to infections, acid reflux, or the use of certain medications. Common symptoms include discomfort in the upper abdominal region.
Other Causes
Additional factors that may contribute to upper abdominal pain include:
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Exposure to stress and anxiety
- Peptic ulcers
- Gallbladder diseases, including biliary colic
- Inflammation or cancer of the pancreas