Impacts of Bed Bug Bites on Skin
Bed bugs (scientific name: Cimex lectularius) are small, brownish insects approximately the size of an apple seed. They feed on the blood of humans and animals while their hosts are asleep. These pests typically hide in bedding, mattress seams, box springs, and clutter surrounding sleeping areas. They are commonly found in locations with frequent overnight visitors, such as hotels, refugee camps, dormitories, yachts, and trains.
Symptoms of Bed Bug Bites
The following are key symptoms associated with bed bug bites:
- Localized pain and burning sensation at the bite site.
- Itching accompanied by a dark red raised bump in the center, with surrounding lighter areas of swelling.
- Itchiness along with a clear, raised bump.
- Small red bumps encircled by blisters or hives.
- Red spots arranged in a zigzag or linear pattern.
- Small, dried blood spots on bedding caused by bed bug bites.
- Occurrences of papular eruptions or flat and raised skin infections.
- Transparent or white shells shed by juvenile bed bugs as they mature.
- Dried reddish-brown stains on clothing resulting from bed bugs’ fecal matter.
Complications from Bed Bug Bites
Unlike many other insect bites, bed bugs are not known to transmit infectious diseases. However, complications may arise from their bites, as outlined below:
- Skin infections due to scratching from persistent itching.
- Insomnia fueled by anxiety over potential re-exposure to bites.
- Severe allergic reactions in some individuals, leading to swelling and intense pain at the bite site, and in rare cases, anaphylactic shock.
- Anemia resulting from numerous bites.
- Asthma exacerbations can occur since repeated bites may trigger asthma attacks.
Treatment for Bed Bug Bites
Bed bug bites typically heal on their own over time. However, to alleviate itching, over-the-counter products can be utilized. Should a skin infection develop, it is advisable to consult a physician for appropriate antibiotic treatment. Common treatments for bed bug bites include:
- Topical anti-inflammatory and anti-itch creams, such as calamine lotion.
- Oral antihistamines.
- Topical or oral antibiotics if a bacterial skin infection occurs.