The Vatican State in Europe
The European continent is home to a diverse array of countries, one of which is Vatican City. Recognized as the smallest independent state both in Europe and the world by both population and area, Vatican City has an oval shape and is nestled within the boundaries of the Italian capital, Rome. It is surrounded by specific walls, covering an area of approximately 0.44 square kilometers. Its population is about 800 residents, making it the smallest country globally.
Significance
Despite its diminutive size in terms of population and geography, Vatican City holds immense significance as the principal center for the leadership of the Catholic Church worldwide, with approximately one billion adherents. The state is home to a wealth of artistic treasures preserved in its archives and museums, reflecting a rich cultural heritage that has persisted through the ages. Additionally, Vatican City is known for its advocacy of human and ethical issues.
Language
While there is no official language, Latin serves as the official language of the Holy See, and Italian is the most widely spoken language due to its location in Italy. Several other languages are also commonly used, including German, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish, and French, which are frequently spoken by Catholics around the world.
History
Vatican City’s roots trace back to ancient times, but it did not gain its independence until June 7, 1929, following the signing of a series of treaties at the Lateran Palace. These treaties, negotiated between the Italian government and Pope Pius XI, along with Cardinal Gasparri, are known as the Lateran Agreements. These documents established the framework for diplomatic relations and conferred independence upon Vatican City.
As a result, the Vatican was granted the authority to oversee all churches and monasteries located within Rome, based on Catholic tenets, with the Pope serving as the elected leader responsible for such matters. Additionally, the Vatican was compensated financially for the losses incurred as a result of Italy’s annexation of the Papal States.
Administration
Today, Vatican City functions as a self-governing entity, administered by clergy under the leadership of the Pope, who is elected by the College of Cardinals. The Pope typically delegates political and legal affairs to a Prime Minister appointed by him. Vatican City has representation in several international organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Labour Organization (ILO). The national anthem is “Pope’s Peace,” composed by the Frenchman Charles in the nineteenth century, marking the golden jubilee of Pope Pius IX’s ordination to the priesthood.