Most Effective Birth Control Methods
The intrauterine device (IUD) is regarded as one of the most effective forms of birth control. It is a T-shaped device that a qualified healthcare professional places inside the uterus after ensuring that the woman is not pregnant. The insertion process typically takes about 15 minutes and can be done either with or without local anesthesia. The mechanism of action involves preventing sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg. Despite ideal usage, the IUD may fail to prevent pregnancy in approximately two out of eight women for every one thousand users. This makes it a preferred choice for many women. However, it is not recommended for women at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). There are two main types of IUDs: the hormonal IUD and the copper IUD.
Hormonal IUD
The effectiveness of the hormonal IUD lasts between three to five years, depending on the specific brand. This type of IUD releases the hormone progesterone to prevent pregnancy through the following mechanisms:
- Thinning the lining of the uterus and partially inhibiting ovulation.
- Increasing the density of mucus in the cervix, which prevents sperm from reaching or fertilizing the egg.
Copper IUD
The copper IUD consists of a plastic frame shaped like a T, wrapped in copper wire. The copper layer creates a toxic inflammatory response to both eggs and sperm, effectively preventing pregnancy. Its effectiveness can last up to ten years after insertion. Several advantages of the copper IUD include:
- The option for removal at any time.
- Usage for emergency contraception if inserted within five days.
- Safety in use, as it does not carry the risks of side effects associated with hormonal birth control methods, such as blood clots.
- Suitability for use during breastfeeding.