Effects of Second-Degree Burns
Second-degree burns, also referred to as partial thickness burns, affect the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, as well as parts of the dermis layer. The consequences of these burns can be categorized into symptoms and complications, which are detailed below:
Symptoms
Individuals with second-degree burns may experience the following symptoms:
- Redness in the affected area, accompanied by pain upon touch.
- A moist and shiny appearance of the burned area, which might appear white with irregular edges.
- Formation of filled blisters.
- The presence of fibrinous exudate covering the burn area after the blisters rupture.
- Scar formation may occur, particularly if the second-degree burns are deep.
Complications
There are several potential complications that can arise from severe second-degree burns, especially those that cover large areas of skin:
- Risk of infection may lead to bloodstream involvement and progress to a condition known as sepsis. This serious complication requires immediate medical intervention. It is crucial to observe the symptoms of infection to obtain the necessary medical care, including:
- Pus discharge from the burn site.
- Fever.
- Increased pain severity.
- Changes in the color of the skin surrounding the burn.
- Fluid loss, which can result in hypovolemia (decreased blood volume).
- Potential issues with bones and joints due to scar contractures, which may cause skin, muscle, and ligament tightening.
- Formation of hypertrophic scars or keloids, resulting from the overproduction of scar tissue leading to stiff skin.
- Dangerously low body temperature (hypothermia), as the skin plays a key role in regulating body temperature. The loss of this function from burns allows for rapid heat loss beyond the body’s ability to maintain it.
- Respiratory complications caused by inhaling smoke and hot air, which can severely damage the lungs and may result in respiratory failure.
Treatment for Second-Degree Burns
Recovery from second-degree burns typically takes between two to three weeks, often leading to differences in skin coloration, though some cases may take longer to heal. Several initial treatments are recommended, including:
- Rinsing the affected area with cool running water for at least 15 minutes.
- Covering the wounded area after cleaning and changing the dressing daily.
- Applying topical antibiotics to the blisters.
- Taking over-the-counter pain relief medications, such as acetaminophen.