Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin, often referred to as blood pigment, is a complex protein primarily responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to various tissues and organs throughout the body. It also facilitates the return of carbon dioxide from these tissues back to the lungs for exhalation. The concentration of hemoglobin can vary significantly from one individual to another.
The normal range of hemoglobin levels is approximately 13.5 to 17.5 grams per deciliter in males and about 12 to 16 grams per deciliter in females. However, during pregnancy, these levels can drop to between 11 and 12 grams per deciliter. In children, hemoglobin levels typically range from 11 to 16 grams per deciliter. Any abnormalities in hemoglobin levels can lead to various health complications.
Elevated Hemoglobin Levels
An increase in hemoglobin levels in the blood is a medical condition characterized by an excessive production of red blood cells beyond the normal requirements of the body. This results in a higher hematocrit or blood viscosity.
Symptoms of Elevated Hemoglobin Levels
- General fatigue and weakness, making it challenging to complete daily tasks.
- Insomnia, along with feelings of anxiety, restlessness, and exhaustion.
- Increased blood pressure.
- Elevated heart rate and difficulty in breathing.
Causes of Elevated Hemoglobin Levels
- A deficiency in blood oxygen levels, prompting the bone marrow to produce red blood cells in greater quantities to compensate for the deficiency, thereby increasing hemoglobin levels.
- The presence of chronic and severe conditions, such as heart diseases, lung diseases, or kidney cancer.
- Malfunctions in bone marrow function.
- Kidney dysfunction leading to excessive production of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates the production of large quantities of red blood cells.
- Ingestion of specific medications without medical supervision.
- Smoking.
- Dehydration, accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
- Hormonal injections, particularly among bodybuilders.
Treatment for Elevated Hemoglobin Levels
- Treatment for elevated hemoglobin varies based on the underlying condition and its causes. For example, an increase resulting from a malignant tumor in the bone marrow may be addressed with chemotherapy, the use of aspirin, and increased fluid intake.
- Elevated hemoglobin associated with low blood oxygen levels due to heart or lung diseases is treated by addressing the underlying issue.
- Please note that increased hemoglobin levels due to dehydration can be managed by increasing fluid intake.