Islamic Heritage in Algeria
The impact of Islamic civilization in Algeria remains profound, deeply rooted in the national consciousness and manifesting through numerous Islamic monuments recognized as part of the world heritage by UNESCO. Among the cities in Algeria, Tlemcen stands out as the most significant for its rich collection of Islamic heritage. Historically known as “Watafarzit,” as referenced by Arab geographers, Tlemcen is situated in the western part of Algeria. This beautiful city, built by the Almoravids, is replete with natural resources and boasts an array of historical Islamic sites.
The Great Mosque
The Great Mosque, constructed by Yusuf ibn Tashfin of the Almoravid dynasty in 472 AH (1079 AD), features a unique Andalusian architectural style. The mosque includes a spacious courtyard surrounded by an elegant portico and is topped by a square minaret. The expansive prayer hall is supported by horseshoe arches resting on columns that lean towards the palace. Decorative motifs in the main prayer area showcase intricate Andalusian-Moroccan craftsmanship, while the minbar is subtly placed in a niche beside the mihrab, only visible during Friday prayers to accommodate worshippers throughout the week.
Sidi Abu al-Hassan Mosque
Built by Hasan Ali al-Murabit near the Great Mosque, Sidi Abu al-Hassan Mosque is distinguished by its mihrab crafted from plaster, adorned with inscriptions in the Andalusian style. This mosque also serves as the location for the Tlemcen Museum.
Sidi Boumediene Mosque (Mosque of Worshippers)
Constructed by Abu Anan Faris al-Murabit in 739 AH (1339 AD), the main entrance and exterior gate of this mosque are considered some of the most exquisite examples of Moroccan and Eastern Islamic architecture. The mosque courtyard features a beautiful covered basin, with the floor and surrounding areas decorated with stunning zellij tiles. Above, a dome made of plaster boasts intricate Arabic geometric and floral carvings.
The First Mosque in Algeria
The Mosque of Abu al-Muhajir Dinar holds the distinction of being the first mosque built in Algeria, ranking second in the Maghreb after the Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia. Commonly referred to today as “Sidi Ghanem Mosque,” it is located in the ancient city of Mila, approximately 495 kilometers east of the Algerian capital, Algiers.
Historical research confirms it as the oldest mosque in Algeria, tracing its origins back to 55 AH (676 AD) when Abu al-Muhajir Dinar opened the city of Mila, which was then a center for Christianity. By 59 AH (678 AD), he established the first mosque in Algeria, which historians deem the oldest mosque in the Maghreb after Kairouan.
Sights of Historical Significance in Algeria
Algeria, an Arab nation in North Africa, is characterized by a diverse climate and breathtaking landscapes ranging from mountainous regions to expansive deserts. Beyond its natural beauty, Algeria is home to numerous historical sites that date back to various civilizations, making it a prime tourist destination for many from Africa and other Arab countries. Noteworthy historical sites in Algeria include:
- Beni Hammad Fort
- Djémila Archaeological Site
- Roman Baths in Timgad
- Ghriss Valley and many others.