Ethics of Interpersonal Relations in Islam
Ethics represent a framework for human behavior, aimed at achieving God’s satisfaction and assisting others through kindness. The actions of an individual are intended not only for their own benefit but also for the welfare of others. In Islam, numerous ethical principles are emphasized in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah, guiding interpersonal interactions. Below are some of the key ethical principles promoted in Islam:
Truthfulness in Interactions
Truthfulness is a fundamental characteristic of the righteous, encompassing honesty with God, others, and oneself. It is not confined to mere speech but extends to genuine intentions towards God. As stated in the Quran: “Among the believers are men true to what they promised Allah.” (Quran 33:23).
Truthfulness applies both to outward actions and inner convictions, serving as a cornerstone of faith. It manifests in both words and deeds, with the highest form being absolute fidelity to the teachings and example of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Forgiveness and Pardon
Forgiveness is a source of piety and is encouraged in Islamic teachings. The Quran states: “But if you pardon and overlook and forgive, then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” (Quran 64:14). Forgiveness entails overlooking others’ mistakes and shortcomings. Some positive outcomes of this virtue include:
- The forgiver earns honor from Allah.
- They gain stature and love from God and from people.
- They achieve Allah’s pleasure.
Cooperation for Righteousness
Cooperation refers to individuals joining forces to attain common objectives that align with God’s approval and serve the greater good. Due to its significance, Allah promises great rewards for such collaboration, as mentioned in the Quran: “And cooperate in righteousness and piety.” (Quran 5:2).
This cooperation can manifest in various ways, including upholding divine laws, defending the oppressed, inviting others towards good, and assisting the weak and the poor.
Selflessness in Interactions
Selflessness is a noble trait where one prioritizes others’ needs over their own. The Quran emphasizes this quality: “And they give priority to others over themselves, even when they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul – it is those who will be the successful.” (Quran 59:9). A selfless person first addresses the needs of their fellow Muslims before considering their own. The positive impacts of selflessness include:
- Receiving praise from Allah.
- Enhancing love and camaraderie among people.
Selflessness is categorized into various levels:
- First Level: Placing others’ needs above one’s own without depriving oneself.
- Second Level: Prioritizing God’s satisfaction over personal desires and obstacles.
- Third Level: Recognizing that true selflessness originates from Allah, the ultimate giver.
Social Solidarity
Social solidarity encompasses the mutual support among individuals to fulfill community needs and respond collectively to crises and disasters. The absence of solidarity arises when people focus solely on their self-interests, disregarding the welfare of others.
Solidarity can manifest positively or negatively; for instance, the tribes of Quraysh showed solidarity in besieging the Muslims, while the Ansar offered remarkable assistance to the Muhajirin when they fled their homes and belongings in Mecca.
Affectionate Interactions
Affectionate interactions among people are characterized by kindness and compassion. Islamic teachings strongly advocate for such relationships. Allah says, “And hold fast, all of you together, to the Rope of Allah, and do not become divided.” (Quran 3:103). Affection fosters stability in human society and is often prioritized over strict justice. Benefits of affectionate relationships include:
- Affection is a clear sign of a pure heart.
- It serves as evidence of a person’s goodness.
- Promotes good deeds within the community.
- Facilitates unity around the tenets of Islam.
Muslims can cultivate affectionate relations by engaging in the following practices:
- Interacting with people:
- Spreading greetings of peace:
- Reconciliation between disputing parties:
- Being content with what one has while remaining indifferent to what others possess:
- Visiting others during social occasions:
- Exchanging gifts:
- Practicing humility.
As the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “Souls are like conscripted troops; those that recognize each other will unite, and those that do not will differ.”
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) instructed, “O people, spread peace, feed the hungry, maintain family ties, and pray while others are asleep, you will enter Paradise in peace.”
Allah advises: “And fear Allah and mend that which is between you.” (Quran 8:1).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) remarked, “Be indifferent to what is in the hands of people, and you will be loved.”
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Whoever visits a sick person or a brother in faith, a caller calls out to him, ‘You are good, and good is your path; you have a place in Paradise.’”
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Gifts increase love.”
The Significance of Ethics in Islam
Ethics hold tremendous importance in Islam, leading Muslims to attain goodness in both this life and the Hereafter. Here are some critical aspects highlighting the significance of ethics in Islam and its relevance to humanity:
- The importance of ethics lies in being an essential criterion for accountability on the Day of Judgment.
- Good character fosters the virtue among nations, spreading love and commendable values throughout society.
- A person of good character is preferred over a learned yet unethical individual, despite Islam’s strong encouragement for the pursuit of knowledge.
- Ethics are fundamentally crucial for the sustenance of social life in the best possible manner.