Examples of the Rules of the Silent Noon and Tanween in Surah Al-Ahzab
There are four primary rules governing the silent noon and tanween:
- Concealment: This applies to all letters except those associated with the other rules.
- Manifestation: The letters include Alif (ا), Ha (هـ), Ain (ع), Ha (ح), Dal (د), and Kha (خ).
- Assimilation: The letters are represented in the word “Yarmaloon”. Assimilation is further divided into two types: complete assimilation (with ghunnah) represented by the letters in the word “Yannmu”, and incomplete assimilation (without ghunnah) represented by the letters ل and ر.
- Reversal: This rule is associated with the single letter ب (Ba).
Surah Al-Ahzab presents numerous examples of these rules. Below are several instances:
- In the verse (إِنَّ اللَّـهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا), the phrase (عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا) illustrates the rule of throat manifestation (إظهار), where tanween precedes a letter that necessitates this rule.
- In (وَاتَّبِعْ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ), the segment (مِن رَّبِّكَ) demonstrates the rule of incomplete assimilation (إدغام بغير غنة).
- In (مَّا جَعَلَ اللَّـهُ لِرَجُلٍ مِّن قَلْبَيْنِ فِي جَوْفِهِ), the phrase (مِّن قَلْبَيْنِ) showcases the rule of concealment (إخفاء), where a silent noon is followed by a letter from the concealment category.
- In (لَّا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِن بَعْدُ وَلَا أَن تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ), the segment (مِن بَعْدُ) exemplifies the reversal rule (إقلاب).
Examples of the Rules of Madd in Surah Al-Ahzab
Madd rules can be categorized into three main types: obligatory for connected madd, permissible for separated madd and occasional madd, and mandatory for necessary madd. Below are examples from Surah Al-Ahzab:
- In the verse (وَاتَّبِعْ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا), the phrase (يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ) exhibits separated madd, which is extended for four or five counts.
- In (وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ وَاللَّـهُ يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهْدِي السَّبِيلَ), the terms in the verse are examples of connected madd, extended by four or five counts in connecting and stopping, and six counts when the hamzah is terminal.
- In (وَاللَّـهُ يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهْدِي السَّبِيلَ), the word (السَّبِيلَ) exhibits occasional madd, which occurs when a state of cessation follows a letter of madd at the beginning of the word.
- In (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءامَنُوا اذْكُرُوا اللَّـهَ ذِكْرًا كَثِيرًا), the madd in the word (ءَامَنُوا) represents substituted madd, where a letter of madd is preceded by a hamzah and is not followed by a hamzah or a cessation.
Examples of the Connection Madd in Surah Al-Ahzab
Connection madd is divided into two types: minor connection and major connection. Examples from Surah Al-Ahzab include:
- In (وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّـهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَن يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ), the phrase (وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا) exemplifies major connection madd.
- In (الَّذِينَ يُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَالَاتِ اللَّـهِ وَيَخْشَوْنَهُ وَلَا يَخْشَوْنَ أَحَدًا إِلَّا اللَّـهَ وَكَفَى بِاللَّـهِ حَسِيبًا), the madd in the highlighted word displays minor connection madd.
Examples of the Rules of the Silent Meem in Surah Al-Ahzab
The rules governing the silent meem consist of three categories: oral assimilation (muthamatheen saghir), oral manifestation, and oral concealment. Here are some examples from Surah Al-Ahzab:
- In (لِيُخْرِجَكُم مِّنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَكَانَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَحِيمًا), the phrase (لِيُخْرِجَكُم مِّنَ) represents oral assimilation.
- In (رَبَّنَا آتِهِمْ ضِعْفَيْنِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَالْعَنْهُمْ لَعْنًا كَبِيرًا), the phrases (آتِهِمْ ضِعْفَيْنِ) and (وَالْعَنْهُمْ لَعْنًا) are examples of oral manifestation.
- In (وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ وَاللَّـهُ يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهْدِي السَّبِيلَ), the segment (قَوْلُكُمْ بِأَفْواهِكُمْ) demonstrates oral concealment.
Examples of Qalqalah in Surah Al-Ahzab
Qalqalah is classified into two categories: major qalqalah, which occurs when the qalqalah letter is silent at the end of a word, and minor qalqalah, which occurs when the qalqalah letter is silent in the middle of a word. The letters of qalqalah are gathered in the phrase “Qatb Jad”. Below are examples from Surah Al-Ahzab:
- In (وَاتَّقِ اللَّـهَ وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّـهُ مُبْدِيهِ), the instance of qalqalah appears in (مُبْدِيهِ) and is classified as minor qalqalah since the letter ب (Ba) is silent in the middle of the word.
- In (سُنَّةَ اللَّـهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّـهِ تَبْدِيلًا), examples of minor qalqalah can also be found.