The Impact of Pollution on Human Health
Heart and Lung Health
Environmental pollution presents numerous risks that adversely affect heart and lung health due to harmful particles it generates. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified particulate matter—specifically those particles smaller than 10 and 2.5 microns found in air—as some of the most dangerous pollutants. These particles are significant contributors to lung cancer as they can penetrate lung pathways and enter the bloodstream, damaging the heart and blood vessels, and leading to respiratory issues.
Additionally, fine particulate pollutants can lead to premature death among individuals suffering from heart and lung diseases, with severity depending on exposure levels. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include wheezing, coughing, dry mouth, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Respiratory System Damage
Ozone, a primary component of the atmosphere, is released due to chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. This interaction can heighten the risk of respiratory illnesses such as asthma. Sulfur dioxide, a colorless and highly reactive gas, is another major air pollutant emitted from the burning of fuels, natural volcanic activities, and industrial processes. It can irritate the respiratory system, exacerbate heart and vascular diseases, and cause eye damage, including increased tearing and corneal clouding, as well as skin issues like rashes and redness.
Poisoning
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas produced from the combustion of fuels, coal, and wood. It binds to hemoglobin in the blood in place of oxygen due to its larger size, potentially leading to poisoning, with severity dependent on exposure levels. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness.
Facts About Environmental Pollution-Related Deaths
Environmental pollution is a leading cause of disease proliferation and is responsible for a significant increase in global mortality rates. It causes approximately four million deaths annually, primarily due to heart diseases, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and acute respiratory infections in children. Below are the percentage rates of deaths attributed to environmental pollution worldwide:
- 29% of deaths are due to lung cancer.
- 17% of deaths result from acute respiratory diseases.
- 24% of deaths are attributable to strokes.
- 25% of deaths are caused by heart failure.
- 43% of deaths stem from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Groups Most Affected by Environmental Pollution
While most individuals are impacted by air pollution, certain groups are particularly vulnerable to the effects of environmental pollution, including:
- Individuals with heart conditions, asthma, or other respiratory diseases.
- Adults engaged in outdoor physical activities.
- Diabetics, the elderly, children, and pregnant women.