Cold Weather
Shivering, known scientifically as Shivering, is characterized by the repeated contraction and relaxation of muscles as a physiological response to external factors, such as cold weather. This involuntary reaction aids in warming the body by potentially increasing surface body heat production by up to five times. It is important to note that shivering can only maintain body warmth for a limited duration, depending on the available glucose levels in the muscles, which supply the necessary energy for muscle contractions. Furthermore, the temperature threshold that triggers shivering varies among individuals, influenced by several factors such as age and body fat percentage.
Fever
Fever, medically defined as an elevation in body temperature above 37.7 degrees Celsius, is one of the most prevalent causes of shivering. There are various underlying conditions that may lead to a fever, including allergies, infections, and inflammations. It is recommended to consult a healthcare provider if a fever persists for more than three consecutive days without accompanying symptoms. If fever is paired with symptoms such as neck stiffness, shallow breathing, or increased heart rate, it warrants medical attention after just one day. To alleviate fever, consuming ample fluids and taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help.
Low Blood Sugar
Shivering can also occur as a response to low blood sugar levels in some individuals. It is crucial to recognize that the body’s reaction to declining blood sugar levels varies from person to person. Symptoms may include dizziness, excessive sweating, or palpitations. Low blood sugar can result from prolonged periods without food intake or from disorders that impact blood sugar regulation, such as diabetes.
Anesthesia
Shivering is a common side effect associated with anesthesia, affecting approximately 50% of patients postoperatively. In many cases, this reaction occurs due to a drop in body temperature, though it may also result from pain, fever, or anxiety experienced after a surgical procedure for which anesthesia was administered. The likelihood of experiencing shivering increases with prolonged anesthesia and advancing age.
Other Causes
In addition to the aforementioned conditions, various other factors may contribute to the occurrence of shivering. Some of these include:
- Infections
- Psychogenic movement disorders
- Fear, excitement, or stress
- Psychological anxiety
- Sepsis