Arabic Language
The Arabic language is recognized as the language of the Holy Quran and of Islam. It is known as Classical Arabic, with its primary form preserved in the Quran, referred to as Modern Standard Arabic. In contrast, colloquial Arabic is spoken in various dialects depending on cultural and regional backgrounds. Arabic is widely used across most of the Arabian Peninsula, certain parts of the Middle East, and North Africa. It can be asserted that Arabic represents the pinnacle of development within the Semitic language family.
English Language
The English language is considered one of the most globally spoken languages, bridging numerous peoples and cultures. It originally evolved from Proto-Indo-European, the common ancestor of several contemporary languages, including German. English began in England and subsequently spread throughout the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and nations within the Caribbean and Pacific regions. It serves as an official language in many countries, including the Philippines, India, Singapore, and several African nations. The rise of English in global contexts can be attributed to British colonization and the aftermath of World War II. Furthermore, the widespread influence of films, music, and television has greatly facilitated its global dissemination. Approximately one-third of the world’s population speaks English, underscoring its significance on a global scale.
Italian Language
Italian is the official language of Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City. It is also one of the official languages in Switzerland, with around 66 million speakers, the majority of whom reside in Italy, Sardinia, and Sicily. Italian is regarded as one of the earliest Romance languages in the world and has garnered a reputation as the language of art and opera. It is often referred to as the language of Leonardo da Vinci and Luciano Pavarotti. Notably, the usage of Italian is not confined solely to Italy and its vicinity; it is also a common tongue in smaller communities in Croatia and Slovenia. It’s important to mention that Italian was historically used in Somalia, Malta, and Libya, although its presence in those countries has largely dissipated. Furthermore, Italian speakers in Brazil, Argentina, and similar countries often do not speak standard Italian but rather various dialects.
Czech Language
The Czech language serves as the official language of the Czech Republic and represents the western branch of the Slavic language family, sharing significant connections with Serbian, Slovak, and Polish. It is noteworthy that Czech has several regional dialects that exhibit minor variations, with the standard dialect being derived from Prague, which gained prominence during the 16th and 17th centuries. Regarding its historical development, it is important to note that speakers from historical regions such as Bohemia, Moravia, and southwest Silesia have communicated in Czech since ancient times. Furthermore, historical records indicate that Czech was once written using the Latin alphabet. There was no unified Czech language in earlier periods, spanning the 11th to the 14th centuries, but the literary language began to standardize in the 15th and 16th centuries, with the translation of the Bible into Czech serving as a benchmark for literary Czech.
Cherokee Language
The Cherokee language is the ancestral tongue of the Cherokee people, the indigenous inhabitants of the southeastern United States. Known as Tsalagi Gawonihisdi, the language is spoken by residents of Virginia, Southern Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama. Despite facing threats of extinction, many individuals have taken initiative to learn and preserve the language. The development of a writing system for Cherokee was accomplished by Sequoyah in the mid-19th century, specifically between 1809 and 1821, where he drew inspiration from certain aspects of the English language, resulting in a written form composed of 86 characters.