Burns
Burns are injuries to the skin and underlying tissues that occur due to exposure to elevated temperatures, friction, electricity, radiation, or chemicals. The severity of burns is classified into different degrees based on the extent of tissue damage. First-degree burns result in redness and swelling of the outermost layer of the skin. Second-degree burns involve redness, swelling, and the appearance of blisters, indicating damage that extends beyond the surface layer. Third-degree burns, also known as full-thickness burns, completely destroy the skin and may affect deeper tissues such as fat, muscles, and bones, often leading to significant scarring.
It is crucial to treat burns promptly while they are still fresh, as immediate intervention is more effective in minimizing damage and preventing complications. Patients should seek medical assistance at the nearest health facility for appropriate care.
Causes and Symptoms of Burns
Burns may occur when the skin comes into direct contact with temperatures of 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher. Common sources of burns include sun exposure, hot liquids, steam, flames, electricity, friction (such as rug burns), or corrosive chemicals.
Signs of burns typically include redness, swelling, and pain. There may also be blistering, peeling, or whitening of the skin, and in severe cases, charring. The affected person might experience numbness, headaches, and fever. Severe burns can lead to shock, with symptoms including weakness, rapid heartbeat and breathing, pale skin, and bluish discoloration of the lips and nails.
Treatment of New Burn Injuries
The treatment for burns focuses on alleviating pain, preventing infections, and maintaining fluid balance and caloric intake during recovery. Treatment protocols for chemical or electrical burns may differ slightly from those for thermal burns, yet the primary objectives remain the same.
Typically, burn treatment involves applying ointments to reduce redness and swelling, as well as oral medications to alleviate pain and fever. For third-degree burns, surgical and cosmetic interventions may be necessary to restore the skin as closely as possible to its original state. In some severe cases, complete restoration may not be achievable, but healthcare providers strive to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient. For minor burns caused by hot liquid spills, applying a small amount of honey may help relieve pain. While some individuals apply toothpaste for cooling relief, the preferable first aid method is to hold the burned area under cool running water to quickly reduce pain.