Psychological Impacts
Earthquakes and other natural disasters can have devastating consequences for both communities and individuals. The repercussions can range from fatalities and financial losses to significant negative effects on mental health. These events can trigger a variety of emotional and behavioral disorders, especially among the youth, as well as increase levels of anxiety and depression in children. Additionally, the destruction of property and the rise in mortality rates and injuries further compound these challenges.
Fires
Fires are among the most common destructive aftermaths of earthquakes. Ground fissures can rupture gas and water pipes, leading to explosions, while power lines may collapse, and flammable liquids can spill, all of which are precursors to fires. Notably, during the 1923 earthquake, approximately 100,000 people lost their lives, with over 70,000 fatalities attributed to fires. Similarly, in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the majority of the damage stemmed from fire incidents triggered by the quake.
Material Damages
In addition to the loss of life, earthquakes can incur billions of dollars in repair costs. The earthquake that struck Japan in 2011 resulted in damages estimated at around $232 billion. Meanwhile, the 2004 earthquake in Indonesia led to damages valued at approximately $8.4 billion. Beyond their immediate impact, earthquakes also disrupt regional economies and can devastate vital infrastructure.
Tsunamis
Certain types of earthquakes can produce secondary effects such as tsunamis. The term “tsunami,” which originates from Japanese, translates to “harbor wave” and refers to the sudden vertical displacement of the ocean floor due to earthquakes, underwater landslides, or volcanic eruptions. For instance, in 1896, an earthquake off the coast of Japan generated tsunami waves that reached heights of 3 to 30 meters, resulting in the deaths of 22,000 individuals.