Sun Exposure
Prolonged exposure to sunlight is a significant factor contributing to skin discoloration and pigmentation issues. Long-term sun exposure can alter skin pigmentation, leading to the development of conditions such as white spots or freckles. According to the New Zealand Dermatological Society, elderly individuals are particularly susceptible to the harmful effects of sunlight, which can cause changes in skin color. Moreover, excessive sun exposure can lead to the formation of round seborrheic keratoses that resemble warts, which, in some cases, may transform into malignant tumors, contributing to the risk of skin cancer.
Melanin Clumping
The secretion of melanin in concentrated clusters beneath the skin’s surface can result in noticeable and persistent skin discoloration. Some of these pigmentation changes may be present at birth, while others can develop over time, expanding in size. This alteration in melanin concentration leads to the appearance of birthmarks on the face and body. Different types of moles, including flat moles at skin level and raised moles that can have irregular shapes, may develop further over time or potentially fade away on their own. There are treatment options available, such as laser therapy or cryotherapy, to address these concerns.
Internal Health Conditions
The color of the skin can also change due to various internal health conditions that adversely affect skin pigmentation. For instance, jaundice, which manifests as yellowing of the skin, can indicate liver dysfunction. Furthermore, darkened skin, particularly in areas with wrinkles, sun-exposed regions, and old scars, may suggest the presence of Addison’s disease. Additionally, bronzing of the skin in individuals with elevated blood sugar levels may signify a metabolic disorder involving iron, leading to kidney failure and a condition known as hemochromatosis.