Symptoms of Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Brain
The spread of breast cancer to the brain, known medically as brain metastasis, is associated with a variety of symptoms. These may include:
- Visual and auditory disturbances.
- Changes in mood.
- Difficulties in movement of certain body parts.
- Headaches.
- Memory impairments.
- Confusion and seizures.
- Risk of stroke.
- Feelings of dizziness and lack of balance.
Causes of Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Brain
While the primary cause behind the spread of breast cancer to the brain remains unclear, several risk factors may contribute to its likelihood. Here are some of these factors:
- Age and gender: Females diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 35 are at a higher risk for brain metastasis.
- Breast cancer classification: The likelihood of brain spread increases in advanced stages of breast cancer, such as hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.
- Size of the tumor: A breast tumor larger than 2 cm is considered a significant risk factor for metastasis to the brain.
- Short interval between initial breast cancer diagnosis and recurrence, which heightens the chances of it spreading to the brain.
- Presence of positive lymph nodes at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.
Treatment Options for Metastatic Breast Cancer
While there is no definitive cure for metastatic breast cancer affecting the brain and other organs, treatment plans focus on enhancing the quality of life for patients for several months or years. The choice of treatment by healthcare professionals depends on various factors, such as the location of metastasis and the genetic mutations present in the cancer cells. Some available treatment options for metastatic breast cancer include:
- Radiation Therapy: This involves the use of high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to eliminate cancer cells. Radiation therapy can help reduce tumor growth or slow its progression and might also alleviate symptoms such as pain.
- Surgical Intervention: This entails the removal of the tumor along with some surrounding healthy tissue. Although surgery is generally not a common treatment for metastatic breast cancer, it may be considered if the tumor is causing significant discomfort.
- Pharmacological Treatments: These treatments include:
- Chemotherapy: Aimed at destroying cancer cells, often by inhibiting their ability to divide and grow.
- Targeted Therapy: This focuses on specific genes or proteins that contribute to cancer cell growth, effectively eliminating them while sparing healthy cells.
- Hormonal Therapy: Such as the administration of medications like Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant.
- Immunotherapy: A newer approach for advanced breast cancer that enhances the body’s immune response to fight cancer cells.