Causes of Esophageal Reflux
At the junction between the esophagus and the stomach, there exists a muscular valve known as the lower esophageal sphincter. This muscle plays a vital role by allowing food and drink to pass from the esophagus into the stomach before closing again. However, when this muscle loses its strength or relaxes abnormally, it can result in the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, leading to a medical condition referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Risk Factors Associated with Esophageal Reflux
Esophageal reflux may occur for unknown reasons, and individuals of all ages can be affected by this issue. The following are key factors that may increase the likelihood of experiencing this condition:
- Obesity or being overweight: Excess body weight applies pressure to the abdomen, which can cause stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus.
- Pregnancy: This condition similarly results in increased abdominal pressure.
- Certain medications: Some drugs, including asthma medications, calcium channel blockers, antihistamines, certain antidepressants, and medications for insomnia, can contribute to reflux problems.
- Tobacco use, including secondhand smoke exposure.
- Hiatal hernia: This condition occurs when part of the stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm.
Recommendations for Individuals with Esophageal Reflux
The primary goal of treating gastroesophageal reflux disease is to minimize the regurgitation of stomach acids into the esophagus and to reduce damage to the esophageal lining. Some recommendations for managing this condition include avoiding foods and beverages that can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter, such as chocolate, alcohol, peppermint, caffeine, and fatty foods. It is also advisable to reduce portion sizes and distribute food intake across multiple smaller meals throughout the day. Additionally, individuals should refrain from eating two to three hours before bedtime to further alleviate symptoms.