Causes of Nasal Breathlessness
Nasal breathlessness is often linked to nasal obstruction caused by various factors, which can impede airflow partially or completely. It is noteworthy that nasal congestion is typically temporary and tends to resolve over time.
Below are some key causes that can contribute to difficulty breathing through the nose, explained in detail:
Deviated Septum
A deviated septum is a condition where the cartilage that separates the nostrils is misaligned, causing one nasal passage to be larger than the other. The extent of deviation varies among individuals, which could lead to breathing difficulties through the narrower passage, while the wider passage remains more accommodating.
Allergies
Allergies, such as seasonal allergies, can cause difficulties in nasal breathing. This may occur due to:
- Irritation and swelling of the nasal lining from exposure to allergens, often leading to nasal blockage.
- Hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate, a structure within the nose, due to allergen irritation, resulting in swelling and breathing challenges.
Generally, allergy-induced nasal obstruction is often a temporary issue and resolves once the allergic triggers are removed.
Cold or Influenza
Nasal congestion frequently accompanies colds and flu, leading to significant breathlessness. This often complicates vigorous physical activity and may interfere with sufficient rest and sleep. It is advisable to engage in light exercises and consult a healthcare provider regarding medications that can alleviate nasal congestion and runny nose.
Sinusitis
Sinusitis occurs when the tissues lining the sinuses become inflamed and swollen, which may lead to mucus discharge, nasal congestion, and subsequent difficulty in nasal breathing. In chronic cases, these bothersome symptoms may last longer than 12 weeks.
Adenoids
Adenoids are lymphoid tissue masses located behind the nose at the back of the throat. They play a role in capturing germs during childhood but may swell and enlarge in some situations, obstructing airflow and causing nasal breathing difficulties, often leading individuals to breathe through their mouths.
This condition may result in additional complications for children, such as:
- Dry mouth.
- Chapped lips.
- Nasal discharge.
- Foul breath.
Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are swollen growths that develop in the nasal lining, often due to sinus inflammation. In some instances, the size of these polyps may be substantial enough to block airflow, contributing to nasal breathing challenges.
Nasal Trauma
An injury to the nose may lead to various problems affecting nasal breathing. For instance, a fracture that does not heal correctly could result in chronic breathing difficulties, while trauma may also lead to nasal congestion, inflammation, a deviated septum, or scar tissue formation, all of which obstruct airflow.
Presence of a Foreign Object
The presence of a foreign object in the nasal passage can result in difficulty breathing through the nose. This is particularly common among children who may insert small objects such as toys, beads, or pieces of food into their nostrils.
Side Effects of Certain Medications
Some medications can lead to nasal obstruction and breathing difficulties as a side effect. Notable examples include:
- Certain eye drops:
For example, those containing ketorolac can affect the nasal passage via the nasolacrimal duct.
- Antihypertensive and angina medications that induce peripheral vasodilation:
Notable examples include methyldopa and guanethidine.
- Hormonal treatments:
Such as estrogen, oral contraceptives, and thyroid medications.
- Immunosuppressants:
For example, cyclosporine.
- Certain psychiatric medications:
Including chlorpromazine, alprazolam, and gabapentin.
- Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):
Such as ibuprofen and diclofenac.
- Topical decongestants:
Including nasal sprays and drops, particularly problematic when used continuously for more than seven days, leading to rebound congestion upon cessation. Examples of these medications include oxymetazoline and xylometazoline.
Congenital Anomalies
Certain congenital anomalies present at birth may cause nasal breathing difficulties. An example is choanal atresia, characterized by tissue obstructing the nasal airway, leading to complete or partial blockage.
Consulting a Doctor for Nasal Breathlessness
It is essential to consult a healthcare provider to identify the underlying causes of nasal obstruction and breathlessness. A doctor’s visit is particularly important in the following situations:
- Experiencing discomfort affecting daily activities due to nasal breathing difficulties.
- Inability to sleep well due to obstructive sleep apnea.
- Difficulty participating in strenuous exercises, especially for those involved in sports.
- Potential need for surgery to correct a deviated septum, remove nasal polyps or address other anatomical issues causing breathing difficulties.
- Persisting symptoms of sinusitis, as antibiotics may be required.
Summary
Many factors may hinder smooth airflow through the nasal passages, leading to nasal breathlessness, including a deviated septum, infections, allergies, nasal polyps, and more. It is crucial to consult a physician if breathing difficulties significantly impact life quality and hinder daily tasks and activities.