Causes of Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary embolism, known in Arabic as جلطة الرئة, refers to a condition characterized by a blood clot in the lungs, which is often due to deep vein thrombosis. Below are several factors that can lead to the formation of blood clots in the deep veins:
- Prolonged immobility; sitting or lying down for extended periods can lead to the formation of blood clots in the lower extremities.
- Sustaining an injury that damages blood vessels, which can trigger clot formation.
- Existing medical conditions that may contribute to the increased risk of blood clot development, subsequently leading to pulmonary embolism.
Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism
The symptoms of pulmonary embolism often arise suddenly, prompting immediate medical attention. Some of the critical symptoms include:
- Dizziness or loss of consciousness.
- Back pain.
- Chest pain.
- Excessive sweating, which is unusual.
- Shortness of breath.
- Cyanosis, characterized by bluish discoloration of the nails and lips.
- Coughing, which may produce blood-tinged mucus.
Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Healthcare professionals diagnose pulmonary embolism through various methods, including:
- Reviewing the patient’s medical history.
- Conducting physical examinations.
- X-ray imaging of the chest.
- Ultrasound examination of the legs.
- Pulmonary angiography.
- Measuring D-dimer levels through laboratory tests.
- Performing computed tomography (CT) scans.
- Conducting arterial blood gas tests.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Prevention of Pulmonary Embolism
Several strategies can help prevent pulmonary embolism, including:
- Engaging in regular physical activity and promoting movement of the legs after prolonged bed rest.
- Wearing compression stockings.
- Using anticoagulants as prescribed by a physician in specific situations to prevent blood clotting.
- Performing stretching exercises and ankle movements during long journeys.
- Quitting smoking.
- Maintaining a healthy and ideal body weight.