Adolescence
The period of adolescence, which encompasses ages 10 to 19, is often regarded as one of the most challenging stages of human development. This phase is characterized by a multitude of physical, psychological, and social changes. Adolescents are particularly susceptible to emotional fluctuations and psychological disorders. The World Health Organization has estimated that one in seven adolescents experiences mental health issues.
Causes of Psychological Changes During Adolescence
Moderate psychological changes, mainly relating to mood and behavior, are common during adolescence. These changes arise from various factors, including:
- Hormonal and neurodevelopmental changes, which are significant contributors to psychological transformations in adolescents.
- Biological and physical alterations, alongside the development of sexual identity.
- Evolving cognitive skills and heightened intellectual capabilities.
- Shifts in interests and desires, as adolescents often seek greater independence and personal freedom.
Psychological Disorders in Adolescents
Adolescents are more prone to specific psychological disorders, which can include:
- Emotional disorders, with anxiety and depression being the most prevalent.
- Behavioral disorders, such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity, along with other issues that can affect educational performance. Behavioral disorders may even lead to criminal behavior in some adolescents.
- Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia.
- Psychosis, as symptoms often emerge during late adolescence, including hallucinations or delusions.
- Self-harm and suicide, with suicide being the fourth leading cause of death among older adolescents.
- Risk-taking behavior, which increases during this stage, often resulting in engagement in harmful habits like smoking and drug use.
Causes of Psychological Disorders in Adolescence
A wide range of factors contribute to the heightened risk of psychological disorders among adolescents, including:
- Environmental factors: A negative surrounding environment and high-stress atmospheres significantly elevate the chances of mental health difficulties.
- Childhood experiences: Adolescents with difficult childhoods are more vulnerable to psychological disorders. Those who have experienced physical or sexual abuse or significant trauma are at greater risk of developing serious issues.
- Genetic predispositions: Some adolescents may have a hereditary inclination towards certain psychological disorders.
- Family history: A prior occurrence of mental health disorders among family members during adolescence can increase the likelihood of similar issues in the adolescent individual.
How to Protect Adolescent Mental Health
The following advice and strategies can assist parents in safeguarding their adolescent children’s mental health:
- Maintain open lines of communication, actively listen, and accept their thoughts and opinions.
- Provide adolescents with ample information about topics of concern to minimize their need to seek information online or from peers.
- Strive to understand their fluctuating emotions and foster a sense of security.
- Exercise patience and acceptance of their behaviors, offering guidance in a calm and straightforward manner.
- Allow adolescents sufficient freedom while ensuring boundaries for their safety and well-being.