Duration of Iddah for a Widowed Woman
The Iddah period for a woman whose husband has passed away is four months and ten days, including nights. This is supported by the divine statement in the Holy Quran: (وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا). The counting of this period begins immediately upon the husband’s death. The adherence to the rules of Iddah and mourning applies regardless of whether the woman is aware of her husband’s passing. Once the period of four months and ten days has elapsed, the Iddah concludes. Scholar Ibn Qudamah noted the consensus of the scholars that a non-pregnant Muslim woman will observe an Iddah of four months and ten days, regardless of whether the marriage was consummated, or her age at the time of her husband’s demise. Conversely, if the woman is pregnant, her Iddah will conclude upon the delivery of her child.
Location for Observing Iddah for a Widowed Woman
A woman whose husband has died is required to observe her Iddah at the residence where the death occurred. It is particularly emphasized that she must stay there overnight. However, scholars have recognized exceptions in specific circumstances, such as when a woman’s safety is at risk or if she is unable to afford rent. Imam Al-Sharbini – may Allah have mercy on him – stated that a woman in her Iddah may relocate to a different residence due to valid reasons, such as fear of structural damage or flooding, or concerns for her safety and the welfare of her property and children.
Regulations Pertaining to the Widow’s Iddah
Several regulations apply to a widow during her Iddah period, as outlined below:
- It is prohibited for her to leave her home except for essential reasons or justified circumstances.
- Remarriage is not permitted during this period.
- The lineage of her child is recognized as belonging to her deceased husband.
- She is obligated to observe mourning for her husband throughout the Iddah, which includes refraining from adornment and fragrances that may attract suitors.
- It is forbidden for anyone to propose marriage during this time, although indirect expressions of interest are permissible.