Side Effects of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) can lead to various side effects. Below is a detailed overview of these effects.
Common Side Effects
After embryo transfer via IVF, women may experience a range of side effects. The most frequent of these include:
- A small amount of fluid discharge post-procedure, which may be clear or blood-tinged.
- Mild cramping.
- Light abdominal bloating.
- Constipation.
- Tenderness in the breasts upon touch.
Symptoms Requiring Medical Attention
Some specific symptoms may warrant immediate consultation with a healthcare professional after embryo transfer through IVF. Notable symptoms include:
- Heavy vaginal bleeding.
- Pelvic pain.
- Presence of blood in urine.
- Fever with a body temperature exceeding 38 degrees Celsius.
Medication-Related Symptoms
The IVF process typically involves the use of fertility medications administered via injections, which can lead to certain side effects. Key effects to be aware of include:
- Bruising and mild pain at the injection sites.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Temporary allergic reactions, such as skin redness or itching at the injection site.
- Breast tenderness.
- Increased vaginal discharge.
- Mood swings.
- Fatigue.
- Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS), characterized by the following symptoms:
- Nausea.
- Bloating.
- Discomfort in the ovaries.
- Fluid accumulation in the abdomen and lungs.
- Ovarian enlargement.
- Dehydration.
- Shortness of breath.
- Severe abdominal pain.
- Blood clots or kidney failure, which are considered rare occurrences.
Complications of In Vitro Fertilization
While IVF can be a viable option for many, it may also elevate the risk of several complications, including:
- Multiple pregnancies (carrying more than one fetus).
- Premature birth.
- Birth of a child with a low birth weight.
- Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS).
- Miscarriage.
- Complications arising from egg retrieval procedures, which may involve bleeding, damage or infection of the intestines, bladder, or blood vessels, along with risks related to general anesthesia.
- Ectopic pregnancy.
- Congenital anomalies in the fetus.
- Ovarian cancer.
- Psychological stress.