The Abbasid Caliphs of the First Era
The first era of the Abbasid Caliphate commenced under Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah in the year 749 CE. This period marked the establishment of the Abbasid caliphate within the Islamic state, which continued until the assassination of Caliph al-Mutawakkil in 847 CE. Below are the names of the Abbasid caliphs during this era:
| Caliph Name | Reign Period |
|---|---|
| Abu al-Abbas Abdullah al-Saffah | 750-754 CE |
| Abdullah Abu Ja’far al-Mansur | 754-775 CE |
| Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Mahdi | 775-785 CE |
| Abu Muhammad Musa al-Hadi | 785-786 CE |
| Abu Ja’far Harun al-Rashid | 786-809 CE |
| Abu Musa Muhammad al-Amin | 809-813 CE |
| Abu Ja’far Abdullah al-Ma’mun | 813-833 CE |
| Abu Ishaq Muhammad al-Mu’tasim | 833-841 CE |
| Abu Ja’far Harun al-Wathiq | 841-847 CE |
The Abbasid Caliphs of the Second Era
The second era of the Abbasid Caliphate began in 847 CE, coinciding with the rise of military leaders who gained control over the governance. During this period, several dynasties emerged, including the Buyids and the Seljuks. The following are the names of the Abbasid caliphs during this era:
| Caliph Name | Reign Period |
|---|---|
| Abu al-Fadl Ja’far al-Mutawakkil | 847-861 CE |
| Abu Ja’far Muhammad al-Mu’tasir | 861-862 CE |
| Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Musta’in | 862-866 CE |
| Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Mu’tazz | 866-869 CE |
| Abu Ishaq Muhammad al-Muhtadi | 869-870 CE |
| Ahmad al-Mu’tamid | 870-892 CE |
| Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Mu’tadid | 892-902 CE |
| Abu Muhammad al-Muxtafi | 902-908 CE |
| Abu al-Fadl Ja’far al-Muqtadir | 908-932 CE |
| Abu Mansour Muhammad al-Qahir | 932-934 CE |
| Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Radi | 934-940 CE |
| Abu Ishaq Ja’far al-Muqti | 940-944 CE |
| Abu al-Qasim Abdullah al-Mustakfi | 944-946 CE |
The Abbasid Caliphs of the Third Era
The third era of the Abbasid Caliphate began in 334 AH (945 CE) with the Buyids’ dominance over Persia, Rey, Isfahan, the hilly regions, and Baghdad. This control lasted until 447 AH (1055 CE) when the Seljuks began to extend their influence and power. Below are the names of the Abbasid caliphs during this period:
| Caliph Name | Reign Period |
|---|---|
| Abu al-Qasim Abdullah al-Mustakfi | 944-964 CE |
| Abu al-Qasim al-Fadl al-Mu’ti | 946-974 CE |
| Abu Bakr Abdul Karim al-Ta’i | 974-991 CE |
| Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Qadir | 991-1031 CE |
| Abu Ja’far Abdullah al-Qaim | 1031-1075 CE |
The Abbasid Caliphs of the Fourth Era
The fourth era of the Abbasid Caliphate started in 447 AH (1055 CE) with the expansion of Turkish Seljuk influence, lasting until 656 AH (1258 CE). This period ended following the Mongol invasion, which led to the fall of Baghdad under the command of Hulagu Khan. Here are the names of the Abbasid caliphs during this era:
| Caliph Name | Reign Period |
|---|---|
| Abu Ja’far Abdullah al-Qaim | 1031-1075 CE |
| Abu al-Qasim Muhammad al-Muqtid | 1075-1094 CE |
| Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Mustazhir | 1094-1118 CE |
| Abu Mansour al-Fadl al-Mustarshid | 1118-1135 CE |
| Abu Ja’far Mansour al-Rashid | 1135-1136 CE |
| Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Muqtafi | 1136-1160 CE |
| Abu al-Muzaffar Yusuf al-Mustanjid | 1160-1170 CE |
| Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Mustadi | 1170-1180 CE |
| Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Nasir | 1180-1225 CE |
| Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Zahir | 1225-1226 CE |
| Abu Ja’far Mansour al-Mustanir | 1226-1242 CE |
| Abu Ahmad Abdullah al-Musta’sim | 1242-1258 CE |