The Vatican: The Smallest Country in the World
The Vatican is recognized as the smallest country globally in terms of land area, covering just 0.44 km², which is less than a single square kilometer. It is renowned as one of the holiest places in Christianity and is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage site, featuring numerous sacred sites and outstanding artistic and architectural marvels. Below are further insights into this unique nation:
Location
The Vatican is strategically located within the city of Rome, Italy, situated on the western bank of the Tiber River. The Leonine Wall forms its western and southern boundaries. Additionally, it serves as the administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church, with Pope Francis residing in a private palace west of the Belvedere Gardens.
It’s noteworthy that the Vatican lacks diverse geographical features, such as hills or valleys. The gardens occupy approximately half of its total area. While the city is perched on a small hill, the elevation varies minimally, not exceeding 60 meters throughout the territory.
Climate
The Vatican enjoys a generally mild climate. The average temperature in January hovers around 7 degrees Celsius, while in July, it reaches approximately 24 degrees Celsius. The rainy season typically spans from September to April.
Population
As of the latest estimates in 2023, the Vatican’s population stands at around 800 residents. It’s important to note that the annual population change is minimal. For instance, in 1950, the population was about 900, and projections suggest it will be approximately 850 by 2050. Notably, about 75% of the population comprises clergy members.
Language
Italian is the official language of the Vatican; however, Latin holds official status for the Pope’s government, being used in most papal publications and official statements. Italian is predominantly used in daily conversations, alongside other languages like French and German.
History
The Vatican has served as the official residence of the Pope since 1377. However, it was only recognized as an independent state through the Lateran Treaty between the Catholic Church and Italy in 1929. This treaty acknowledged the Vatican’s complete sovereignty and delineated its territorial extent, followed by another treaty establishing the Roman Catholic Church as the state religion in Italy.
Cultural Landmarks
The Vatican is home to several significant landmarks, including:
- The Apostolic Palace
The Apostolic Palace is the primary official residence of the Pope and comprises a series of buildings constructed at different periods.
- St. Peter’s Basilica
St. Peter’s Basilica is an iconic historical religious building, with its foundation stone laid in 1509 under the orders of Pope Julius II. The construction and development of the basilica continued until 1590 under Pope Paul III.
- St. Peter’s Square
Located directly in front of St. Peter’s Basilica, St. Peter’s Square often serves as a gathering point for meetings with the Pope, prayer, and festive masses.
- Vatican Gardens
The Vatican Gardens, one of the most famous and vital sites in the Vatican, date back to the 18th century and feature a variety of trees and plants, covering approximately 200,000 m².
List of the 10 Smallest Countries in the World
Below is a list of the ten smallest countries worldwide in terms of area:
| Country Name | Area (km²) |
| Vatican City | 0.44 |
| Monaco | 1.98 |
| Naura | 21 |
| Tuvalu | 26 |
| San Marino | 61 |
| Liechtenstein | 160 |
| Marshall Islands | 181 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 261 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 280 |
| Maldives | 300 |