Causes of Academic Underachievement
Academic underachievement can stem from a variety of factors including health issues, environmental influences, social circumstances, and psychological disorders. Below are some of the primary reasons contributing to this phenomenon:
Environmental Factors
Generally speaking, the environment plays a crucial role in the lives of individuals, whether they are students, teachers, or employees. Among these, the school environment serves as a significant determinant of students’ academic performance. Research has indicated that a healthy and conducive environment is essential for successful learning and effective student performance. Issues relating to school health environments may include insufficient sanitary facilities, inadequate ventilation, poor lighting in classrooms, misuse of technology and laboratories, outdated teaching methods, or a lack of qualified teachers. These issues can negatively impact the academic performance of students.
Below-Average Intelligence Levels
The relationship between intelligence levels and academic achievement is well established; however, a three-year study involving students at various educational stages showed that the correlation is complex and varies with the student’s grade level. The study monitored the academic performance of the students and included three cognitive tests that assessed abstract reasoning, numerical ability, and verbal skills. The findings suggested that the link between intelligence and academic success is not uniform and depends greatly on the stage of education.
Learning Difficulties
Learning disabilities, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and reading disorders, can lead to significant academic challenges. Studies have shown that ADHD arises from a neuropsychological disorder that typically manifests in childhood, characterized by difficulties with concentration, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Furthermore, research indicates that this disorder can directly impair working memory in affected children.
ADHD does not only affect children; it can persist into adolescence. A study involving adolescents aged 15 to 16 years with ADHD aimed to explore the relationship between academic performance and the symptoms of the disorder. The results revealed that teenagers with ADHD encounter greater academic difficulties compared to their peers without the disorder.
Health and Mental Health Issues
Research has shown a strong correlation between children’s health and their academic performance. Healthy children tend to achieve higher academic success compared to those with health issues. Schools play a vital role in addressing these challenges by providing healthy environments, developing health-related policies, and promoting healthy habits among students. This proactive approach can help mitigate potential issues stemming from poor health, such as increased risk of academic failure, lower concentration levels, and school dropouts.
Mental health issues also have a significant impact on students’ academic performance. These challenges can affect not only their focus and productivity but also their relationships with peers and family members, physical health, and ultimately their ability to secure future employment and achieve financial stability.