Causes of Asthma
The exact cause of asthma remains largely unknown, though it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Various risk factors have been identified that may increase the likelihood of developing this condition. Below are some of the most significant:
Genetic Factors
Genetic factors play a crucial role in a person’s predisposition to atopy, a condition that heightens the risk of asthma development. Atopy is characterized by an increased sensitivity to foreign substances, and research suggests that asthma is likely influenced by multiple genes rather than a single gene.
Infections
Infections affecting the respiratory system, particularly during childhood, can lead to inflammation and damage to lung tissues crucial for proper lung development. It is important to note that such damage during formative years can have long-lasting effects on lung function and may elevate the risk of asthma later in life.
Allergies
There are several common allergens associated with asthma, including animal proteins, with cat and dog dander being major contributors, along with dust mites, cockroaches, and mold.
Smoking
Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke significantly increases the risk of developing asthma, wheezing, respiratory infections, and asthma-related mortality. Furthermore, smoking exacerbates asthma symptoms in affected individuals, such as coughing and shortness of breath, heightening the risk of conditions linked to excessive mucus production.
Environmental Factors
Environmental influences encompass air pollution, pollen, exposure to sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, cold temperatures, high humidity, and weather changes. These factors can elevate the risk of asthma onset or trigger asthma attacks in individuals already diagnosed with the condition.
Food Allergies
Food allergies can contribute to the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, with common allergens including eggs, cow’s milk, peanuts, wheat, and fish. Additionally, certain food preservatives may also play a role in the development of asthma.
Other Contributing Factors
Other risk factors may also increase the likelihood of developing asthma, including:
- Intense physical exercise, especially for those with a prior history of asthma.
- Conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease and sinusitis.
- Use of specific medications, such as aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Exposure to psychological stress.
- Obesity.
- Smoking or substance abuse during pregnancy.