The Treasury
The Treasury, known in Arabic as الخَزنة, is the most iconic structure located in the ancient city of Petra. This monumental edifice is intricately carved into the rock and was originally used as a tomb for a wealthy Nabataean family. The awe-inspiring site was discovered approximately 200 years ago by historian Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. The architectural design of the Treasury is remarkable, featuring stunning rock-carved sculptures, towering columns, and stucco panels that reflect the influence of various ancient civilizations.
The Petra Theatre
The Petra Theatre is among the most significant archaeological sites in Petra, tracing its origins back around 2000 years. Constructed by the city’s original inhabitants, the Nabataeans, the theatre underwent extensive renovations during the reign of the Roman Empire. It is designed in three horizontal sections separated by two walkways, with seating arranged in 45 rows. Additionally, the theatre houses numerous caves and tombs of both Nabataean and Roman origin.
The Monastery
The Monastery, or الدير in Arabic, is one of the key landmarks in Petra, with its construction dating back to the 3rd century BCE. Initially serving as a Nabataean tomb, it was repurposed as a church during the Byzantine Empire. The Monastery is renowned for its architectural similarities to the Treasury, showcasing the grandeur typical of Nabataean craftsmanship.
The Great Temple
The Great Temple, or المعبد الكبير, is recognized as one of the largest archaeological sites in Petra, measuring approximately 35 meters long and 42.5 meters wide. Archaeological studies conducted by Brown University suggest that its construction dates to the last quarter of the 1st century BCE. Although it was later expanded, a devastating earthquake in the 6th century CE caused significant damage, leading to the collapse and distortion of many of its features.
The Byzantine Church
The Byzantine Church, referred to in Arabic as الكنيسة البيزنطية, stands out as one of the most notable religious archaeological sites in Petra, with its construction dating back to the 6th century CE. The discovery of this site occurred in 1973. Remaining artifacts reveal exquisite mosaics depicting the seasons, alongside stone sculptures and four stone columns. Additionally, significant archaeological manuscripts were found in a nearby room, shedding light on the history of the region.