Causes of Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian cysts can develop due to several common factors, including the following:
- Pregnancy: During the early stages of pregnancy, an ovarian cyst may form to support the developing fetus. Typically, this cyst resolves once the placenta is established. However, in some cases, it may not disappear on its own, necessitating surgical removal.
- Endometriosis: Women suffering from endometriosis may develop cysts known as endometriomas. These cysts can cause significant discomfort during intercourse and menstrual periods.
- Severe Pelvic Infections: Ovarian cysts can result from infections that affect the ovaries and the fallopian tubes.
- Hormonal Issues: Hormonal imbalances can lead to the formation of functional cysts, with medications that stimulate ovulation also contributing to this condition.
Risk Factors
The following factors may increase the likelihood of developing ovarian cysts:
- Pregnancy.
- Hypothyroidism.
- Smoking, particularly in women with a low body mass index.
- Use of Tamoxifen and certain medications for infertility treatment.
- Other factors, such as maternal gonadotropins and tubal ligation.
Types of Ovarian Cysts
An ovarian cyst is defined as a fluid-filled sac located either within or on the surface of an ovary. Cysts can be categorized into two main types:
- Functional Cysts: Normally, a fluid-filled structure called a follicle forms around the egg, providing protection. When the egg is released, this follicle typically ruptures. However, in some cases, the egg does not leave the follicle, or the fluid is not reabsorbed. In such instances, the follicle can develop into a cyst, which is usually benign and does not require treatment.
- Pathological Cysts: These cysts arise from the abnormal growth of cells that produce eggs or cover the outer surface of the ovary. Their development is not linked to the menstrual cycle. While most of these cysts are non-cancerous, a small percentage may be malignant.