Causes of Functional Ovarian Cysts
Functional ovarian cysts are the most prevalent type of ovarian cysts and typically affect women who have not yet reached menopause. The formation of these cysts is closely related to the menstrual cycle. Under normal circumstances, ovulation occurs monthly, whereby the ovary releases a mature egg from a structure known as the follicle. Follicles are fluid-filled sacs that provide protection to the egg while it develops. Once the mature egg is released, it travels to the fallopian tube, where it awaits fertilization by sperm. Ovarian cysts can arise either when the follicle fails to release the egg or when it does not eliminate the fluid within it after the egg has been released. Generally, functional ovarian cysts are benign, non-harmful, and typically resolve on their own within a few months, often without the need for medical intervention.
Causes of Pathological Cysts
Pathological cysts can be categorized into two types, which include:
- Dermoid Cysts: These cysts are usually composed of cells that form the egg and are often benign. They typically affect women under the age of 30 and usually require surgical intervention for removal.
- Cystadenoma: These cysts are formed from cells that cover the outer layer of the egg. Unlike other cysts, they do not originate in the ovaries but are connected to them. Surgical removal is often necessary, particularly for women over the age of 40.
Risk Factors for Ovarian Cysts
The likelihood of developing ovarian cysts increases with certain risk factors, which include:
- Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal disruptions may occur as a result of medications such as Clomiphene, a fertility drug used to stimulate ovulation.
- Pregnancy: Occasionally, a cyst that forms during ovulation may persist throughout the pregnancy.
- Endometriosis: Also known as ectopic endometrial tissue, this condition occurs when the uterine lining grows outside of the uterus.
- Severe Pelvic Infections: If these infections reach the ovaries, they may lead to the formation of cysts.
- Previous Ovarian Cysts: Studies have shown that women with a history of ovarian cysts are more likely to experience them again in the future.