The Battle of Badr
The Battle of Badr is considered one of the pivotal confrontations in Islamic history, famously referred to as the “Battle of Criterion” due to its role in distinguishing between truth and falsehood. It starkly demonstrated the concept of allegiance and disavowal, exemplified when the believers took up arms to confront their own disbelieving relatives. This battle occurred after the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had settled in Medina with his esteemed companions, who had found solace following the hardships endured in Mecca. The victory of the Muslims incited the jealousy of the hypocrites in Medina, led by Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul, who had been the leader of the Ansar before the Prophet’s migration. This resentment among the disbelievers is a recurring theme; they are uncomfortable with the Muslims’ victories and the elevation of their banner, to the extent that they envy the believer for the very air he breathes. The struggle between truth and falsehood continues until the end of time, and the Battle of Badr, along with its details, serves as a guiding principle for advocates and reformers in their ongoing struggles against tyranny, illustrating the significant lesson of the enduring triumph of the patient, faithful minority over a larger adversary by God’s will.
Reasons for the Muslims’ Victory at Badr
The significant Battle of Badr took place in the blessed month of Ramadan, a time recognized for overcoming personal desires and temptations. The victory during this month was evident not only in self-control but also against adversaries who resisted the moral righteousness of the Quran and the waves of faith exemplified in the actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Ramadan also witnessed the defeat of Zoroastrianism at the Battle of Qadisiyyah, the opening of Mecca, and the conquest of Andalusia. Among these battles, Badr was the defining moment that illuminated the world, transitioning it from the darkness of disbelief to the light of Islam. This battle occurred on the 17th of Ramadan in the second year of Hijra, intended not for aggression or destruction, but as a herald of a religion rooted in justice and virtue for the benefit of all humanity. Confrontation against those who stood in opposition to this faith became necessary; as stated in the Quran: “And fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not like transgressors.” The Battle of Badr revealed numerous key factors contributing to the victory over the enemy, among them:
- The divine planning of Allah, as there was a clear disparity in numbers and equipment. The disbelievers had around a hundred horses and seven hundred camels, whereas the Muslims had only two horsemen and seventy camels. The Muslims’ reluctance to engage was countered by the Prophet’s desire to reclaim their honor after their sacrifices for the sake of Islam. In stark contrast, the disbelievers, led by Abu Jahl, set out with arrogance and pride, declaring: “By Allah, we will not return until we have trampled on Badr, where we will stay for three days, sacrificing camels, feasting, drinking wine, and making music, so that the Arabs will hear of us and fear us forever.”
- The arrogance of the disbelievers towards the Muslims, driven by a desire for fame and dominance, ultimately foreshadowed their defeat. When Abu Lahab, a leading figure of Quraysh, sensed defeat, he sent a man on his behalf with three thousand dinars. Upon hearing of the disbelievers’ defeat, he succumbed to fury and fell ill.
- The power of prayer, an invincible weapon. After preparing his army, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) turned to Allah, earnestly praying: “O Allah, fulfill the promise You made to me; O Allah, grant me what You have promised me; O Allah, if this group of believers is defeated, no one will worship You on Earth.”
- The embodiment of noble character, such as altruism. Abu Lubabah and Ali ibn Abi Talib, companions of the Prophet, offered to walk while he sat on a mount, to which he responded: “You are not stronger than me nor am I in need of the reward more than you.”
- The prevailing spirit of contentment and goodwill among the Muslims was significant. The Prophet ensured equality in their ranks, personally adjusting their formation. When he noticed Suwad ibn Ghaziyyah stepping out of line, he called him back, playfully poking his belly with a stick. Suwad expressed his pain, prompting the Prophet to reveal his own stomach. Suwad reciprocated with a hug and kiss, claiming he wished his last interaction with the Messenger to be a physical connection, leading the Prophet to pray for his well-being.
- The sincerity of intentions and pure motives were critical in garnering the support of angels, who enveloped the believers in a state of drowsiness, mentally preparing and uplifting their spirits.
Lessons from the Battle of Badr
The study of the Battle of Badr illustrates that the glory of Islam is revitalized through the revival of jihad in the name of Allah, raising the banner of “There is no god but Allah” across all fields. Nation that neglects jihad finds itself subjected to humiliation. Muslims must surrender all aspects of their lives to Allah, trusting that His decisions are always in their best interest. The Battle of Badr reaffirmed the principle of consultation, an essential Islamic practice ensuring the welfare of both individuals and the community. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) consulted his companions four times: when planning to pursue the caravan, upon learning of the Quraysh’s intention to defend their wealth, regarding the positioning in Badr, and about the treatment of prisoners. The Prophet also emphasized the role of communication by encouraging Muslim poets to contribute to the morale of the believers, as poetry played a substantial role in bolstering the soldiers’ spirits and motivating them toward steadfastness in the face of adversity. The Battle of Badr synthesized numerous success factors, coupled with the Muslims’ humility before Allah and their diligent adherence to necessary preparations.