Understanding the Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle refers to a series of physiological changes that occur in a woman’s uterine lining after puberty. This cycle results in the shedding of the uterine lining, which manifests as a red, blood-like discharge known as menstruation or the period. Typically, this bleeding lasts from five to seven days and is often accompanied by discomfort in the lower abdominal area and rectum. These physiological changes occur once a month but may vary in duration depending on a person’s age. The menstrual cycle generally begins around the age of 12 and continues until the late forties, culminating in what is commonly referred to as menopause.
Why Body Temperature Rises Before Menstruation
Before menstruation, women often experience a slight increase in body temperature. This rise is attributed to increased perspiration due to the contraction and spasming of the uterine muscles, which helps expel remaining tissue from the inner uterine lining. Additionally, the process of ovulation, which involves the release of an egg, causes fluctuations in estrogen levels that affect cervical secretions both before and after ovulation.
Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
- Breast tenderness, which usually subsides with the onset of menstruation.
- Joint pain, as well as discomfort in the lower abdomen and back, that may precede menstruation and persist during the initial days of the period.
- An increased appetite and cravings for various foods.
- Sleep disturbances, whether in the form of increased sleep or insomnia.
- Mood swings and heightened irritability due to hormonal changes in the body.
- Abdominal bloating resulting from water retention.
- Unexplained emotional distress, such as feelings of sadness or crying spells.
- Severe gum bleeding following dental procedures.
Causes of Menstrual Irregularities
Menstrual irregularities can manifest as cycles shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days between periods. Several factors can contribute to this irregularity, including:
- Adolescence.
- Approaching menopause.
- Imbalances in progesterone and estrogen hormones.
- Thyroid disorders.
- Excessive physical exercise or engaging in intense workouts.
- Presence of ovarian cysts.
- Certain neural chemicals such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, which may react abnormally to fluctuations in sex hormone levels.
- Body function anomalies, such as elevated testosterone levels.
- Use of contraceptives.
Tips for Alleviating Menstrual Symptoms
To ease the discomfort associated with premenstrual symptoms, consider the following recommendations:
- Reduce the intake of salts, spices, and seasonings.
- Limit consumption of sweets and stimulants containing caffeine, such as tea, coffee, and instant coffee.
- Incorporate more leafy greens, such as lettuce and cabbage, into your diet.
- Increase the consumption of brewed parsley tea.
- Focus on foods rich in calcium and vitamins E and B6.