Fever: An Overview
Fever, scientifically termed as hyperthermia, refers to an increase in human body temperature beyond the normal threshold of 37 degrees Celsius. This condition can arise from various causes and may serve as an indicator of underlying health issues. Fever can pose serious risks, especially in vulnerable populations such as children, who have a lower resilience to illnesses and an incomplete immune system. Prompt medical intervention is crucial, as fever has been linked to numerous fatalities. This article will discuss the symptoms associated with elevated body temperature, alongside its potential causes.
Symptoms of Elevated Body Temperature
Patients experiencing fever often exhibit a range of symptoms that require urgent attention. Here are some key indicators:
- Severe chills, characterized by an intense sensation of cold, even in warm surroundings.
- Extreme thirst due to increased sweating, leading to significant fluid loss.
- Lack of appetite, often accompanied by lethargy and nausea.
- Intense headaches.
- Retained urine or a sensation of pain and discomfort while urinating.
- Dizziness and nausea, along with difficulty standing for extended periods.
- Feelings of irritability, nervousness, and intolerance to noise.
- Widespread aches and pains, particularly in the lower limbs.
- Confusion or hallucinations, with potential loss of consciousness and difficulty concentrating.
- Seizures in extremities, particularly in young children aged between nine months and five years when their temperature exceeds 38 degrees Celsius.
- Redness and dryness of the skin.
- Severe abdominal cramps leading to vomiting and diarrhea.
Causes of Elevated Body Temperature
A range of factors can routinely trigger elevated body temperature, diminishing an individual’s ability to tolerate heat. These include dehydration, the use of certain medications, inadequate ventilation, obesity, insufficient sleep, alcohol dependency, and chronic severe diseases such as tuberculosis and cancer. Additionally, hyperthermia can be a significant concern among older adults. Other contributing factors include:
- Common colds and infectious diseases, such as influenza.
- Acute inflammation of the respiratory system or the ears.
- Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or working in excessively hot environments, like bakeries and factories.
- Receiving vaccinations, particularly in children to prevent epidemic diseases.
- Hormonal imbalances, notably prevalent in women, particularly after menopause.