Common Symptoms of Conjunctivitis
The general symptoms associated with conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, include the following:
- Redness in the eye.
- Watery eyes.
- Blurred or hazy vision.
- Swelling of the eyelids.
- Itching in the eye.
- Burning sensation in the eye.
- Feeling like there is something in the eye, or a gritty sensation.
- Increased sensitivity to light.
- Discharge resembling pus or mucus from the eye.
- Swelling of the conjunctiva.
- Crust formation on the eyelids or eyelashes, especially in the morning.
- Irritation of the eyes.
- Discomfort when wearing contact lenses, or difficulty keeping lenses properly positioned in the eye.
Symptoms of Conjunctivitis by Type
Though all types of conjunctivitis exhibit similar symptoms such as redness, tearing, and discomfort, subtle differences may help in distinguishing between the types. Conjunctivitis can broadly be classified into three categories: allergic, infectious, and chemical.
Infectious Conjunctivitis
Viral Conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis typically starts in one eye, referred to as unilateral conjunctivitis, before spreading to the other eye within one to two days. Generally, it leads to mild symptoms that do not significantly disrupt vision, unlike certain other types that may cause slight blurriness due to discharge accumulation. Depending on the virus causing the infection, additional symptoms may arise. It is crucial to consult a physician promptly if serious symptoms develop or vision worsens. Common signs of viral conjunctivitis include:
- Watery eye discharge, occasionally accompanied by mucus.
- Prominent pink coloration in the eye, with significant redness.
- Redness and swelling of the eyelids.
- Burning sensation, mild pain, or discomfort in the eye, along with a gritty feeling.
- Light sensitivity.
- Crustiness around the eyelids upon waking in the morning.
- Swelling of lymph nodes in front of the ears.
- Other symptoms like a runny nose, sore throat, and cough, particularly when associated with a cold.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis usually affects both eyes, unlike viral conjunctivitis, and often results in thick, yellowish-green pus-like discharge. The crusts formed around the eyes are typically substantial, potentially causing the eyelids to stick together in the morning. Swelling of lymph nodes is less common with this type unless severe gonorrhea infections occur. Neonatal conjunctivitis can stem from bacteria transmitted during delivery, leading to eye pain, swelling, and pus discharge in infants during the first month of life if untreated. However, most of these infections can be effectively managed with antibiotics post-delivery.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis usually affects both eyes and accompanies traditional allergy symptoms such as itching, hives, or those associated with allergic rhinitis, like sneezing and nasal congestion. In severe cases, a rash may appear on the conjunctiva. Excessive tearing is a common symptom, while eye discharge is generally less prevalent. One variant, known as giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC), occurs due to the persistent presence of foreign materials in the eye, such as contact lenses or surgical stitches, resulting in fluid-filled bumps on the inner eyelid.
Chemical Conjunctivitis
Chemical conjunctivitis, also referred to as toxic conjunctivitis, is characterized by severe redness, pain, and tearing in response to exposure to fumes, gases, or liquids. It’s important to note that more severe chemical exposures may require a longer recovery time; milder cases often resolve within a day and may involve irritants like smoke or chlorine. Such exposure may trigger excessive mucus production as an immune response aimed at protecting the eye or form a protective barrier over the cornea, possibly leading to temporary or permanent visual impairment, depending on the extent of corneal damage.
Symptoms That Require Medical Attention
When to Consult a Doctor
The following symptoms necessitate a visit to a healthcare professional:
- Symptoms of conjunctivitis in individuals who wear contact lenses, who should discontinue their use as soon as symptoms appear, and consult a doctor if there’s no improvement within 12-24 hours, ensuring there is no serious infection associated with the contact lens.
- Significant yellow or green discharge from the eye, or eyelids sticking together in the morning.
- Clear vision impairment due to conjunctivitis.
- Persistent eye redness lasting more than two weeks with mild ongoing symptoms.
- Experiencing fever, facial pain, chills, or visual disturbances; these symptoms should never be overlooked.
- Severe eye pain when looking at bright light.
Symptoms Requiring Immediate Medical Intervention
Certain symptoms can indicate a serious eye condition, such as:
- Severe pain in the eyes.
- Intense redness in one or both eyes.
- Disturbed vision.
- Light sensitivity or photophobia.
- Feeling as though there is something stuck in the eye.
- Blurred or hazy vision.
Video on Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis
Watch the video to learn more about seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, its causes, and symptoms.