Consequences of Kidney Stones
The complications associated with kidney stones can be categorized into symptoms and issues related to treatment. Below is a detailed explanation of both aspects.
Symptoms
In most cases, kidney stones do not manifest any symptoms until they reach the ureter, the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder, or when the stones begin to move within the kidney. At this stage, the affected individual may experience various symptoms that can vary in intensity over time, depending on the stones’ movements within the urinary system. The following symptoms are common:
- Severe pain in the lower back beneath the rib cage, or on one side of the body.
- Pain that radiates to the lower abdomen or groin area.
- Episodes of pain with varying intensity.
- Pain during urination.
- Changes in urine color, which may become brown, red, or pink.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
- A persistent urge to urinate.
- Increased frequency of urination.
- Reduced volume of urine during each urination.
- Fever and chills if a urinary tract infection accompanies the kidney stones.
Treatment-related Complications
The treatment of larger kidney stones can lead to several complications, which depend on the stone’s size, location, and the specific treatment method employed. Possible complications include:
- Blood infections.
- Urinary tract infections.
- Experiencing pain.
- Ureter blockage.
- Tear or injury to the ureter.
- Bleeding during surgery.
Prevention of Kidney Stones
There are several strategies to help prevent the occurrence of kidney stones, including:
- Increasing water intake.
- Limiting salt and sugar consumption.
- Reducing protein intake.
- Ensuring adequate calcium intake.
- Consuming sufficient fruits and vegetables.
- Avoiding carbonated beverages.