Forms of Functional Text
The written texts can vary greatly based on the purpose they are created for. Literary texts aim primarily to provide enjoyment and benefit to the reader, while another category focuses on societal transactions without the intent to entertain or influence the reader. These texts are referred to as functional texts, and they include the following forms:
Telegrams
Telegrams are a type of functional text that primarily serve as correspondence between individuals or, in some cases, between nations. A telegram can be sent by one person to several recipients simultaneously, especially in instances of congratulations or condolences. The subjects covered in telegrams can range from social to political themes and more.
Historically, telegrams adhered to a standardized format among correspondents. To ensure coherence, the writer must follow these guidelines:
- The introduction of the telegram should include the date it was written and the location where the writer composed it. This highlights the distinction between a telegram and a letter, the latter typically supplying this information at the end.
- The writer should succinctly explain the subject matter without unnecessary embellishments. The length of the text will depend on the topic; for instance, a condolence message should not exceed four lines.
Telegrams can be classified into two main types:
- Official Telegrams
These occur between management and employees within a particular company or between governments.
- Unofficial Telegrams
These are exchanged among individuals, often sent during times of loss, to express feelings of sorrow, empathy, and mourning, or to congratulate someone on their success, marriage, or new job, thus conveying happiness for that individual.
Summons
Summons are documents widely circulated and submitted in governmental agencies, official institutions, and workplaces. They often take the form of a written request from an individual seeking a specific service.
Reports
Reports consist of evaluative research aimed at ensuring operational compliance with established criteria at each phase. This task can be undertaken by designated individuals. Various types of reports include:
- Periodic and Non-Periodic Reports
These reports are distinguished by time factors. Periodic reports cover business affairs over a specific timeframe, which could be daily, weekly, monthly, or annually, depending on the organization’s norms. In contrast, non-periodic reports are produced in response to urgent situations, thus known as exceptional reports, necessitated by specific problems within the organization.
- Goal-Related Reports
These reports monitor the objectives set within an organization’s overall plan. As a result, they can lead to actions aimed at adjusting or rectifying issues hindering those goals as outlined in the report.
Curriculum Vitae
Upon completing their university studies, students prepare a document known as a curriculum vitae (CV) to aid in their job applications. This document typically includes personal information, academic qualifications, work experience, courses undertaken, and any research projects completed, all contributed to enhance their competitiveness for specific job positions.
Advertisements
Advertisements vary in their forms used for promoting products or ideas. They can be visual presentations, as seen on television, or written advertisements in text format. Written advertisements rely on compelling language to persuade others about a specific product or concept. Therefore, copywriters strive to create convincing ads that captivate the audience’s attention towards the offerings being promoted.