Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels beyond normal ranges, resulting from insufficient insulin production or reduced sensitivity of body cells to insulin. For fasting individuals, the normal blood sugar level ranges from 70 to 110 mg/dL, while for non-fasting individuals, it should be less than 140 mg/dL two hours after a meal.
Symptoms of Diabetes
- Frequent urination due to increased urine output.
- Intense thirst and increased fluid intake.
- Significant weight loss despite regular food intake.
- Delayed wound healing and recovery from cuts.
- A strong craving for food and increased appetite.
- Severe fatigue and exhaustion noticeable in the individual.
- Frequent infections in the body, particularly urinary tract infections and gum disease.
- Weird breath odor resembling acetone.
Complications of Diabetes
Complications associated with diabetes can develop over the years, posing a significant threat to the patient’s life. Some of these complications include:
- Nerve and blood vessel damage due to prolonged high blood sugar levels, which can lead to deterioration of the vessels and capillaries that supply the body and nerves, as well as narrowing of the arteries resulting in angina and heart disease.
- Kidney diseases and dysfunction due to the damage of numerous capillaries, potentially leading to renal failure as a result of uncontrolled blood sugar levels.
- Damage to blood vessels in the retina, which can ultimately cause blindness over time.
- Gum disease and infections, along with bladder and skin infections.
- Diabetes may necessitate the amputation of limbs due to impaired blood and nerve supply.
- Individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis.
- Risk of diabetic coma.
Optimal Times to Measure Blood Sugar Levels
- After fasting for a period of 8 to 12 hours: if the measurement exceeds 110 mg/dL, it suggests the onset of diabetes, warranting a retest over three consecutive weeks.
- Two hours post-meal or after consuming a glucose load of 75 grams: if the level exceeds 140 mg/dL, it indicates a potential issue with blood sugar regulation.
Diabetes Management
- Organizing the patient’s diet by reducing the intake of sweets and carbohydrates while emphasizing vegetable consumption.
- Encouraging physical activity and regular exercise to aid in fat burning and lowering blood sugar levels.
- Weight management for patients who are obese.
- Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and conducting daily tests as needed.
- Administration of oral medications to manage high blood sugar levels, potentially in combination with weight-loss supportive medications for those with insulin resistance, where insulin production remains normal.
- Insulin injections based on the patient’s specific needs, as prescribed by a healthcare professional, are suitable for those with insufficient insulin production from the pancreas.
Video on Fasting Blood Sugar Testing
To gain more insights about fasting blood sugar testing, please watch the video.