Significance of Archaeology
Throughout history, humanity has gained insights into the lives of previous civilizations through the remnants they have left behind. This led to the establishment of a dedicated field of study focused on these archaeological remains, aiming to understand the characteristics of the past eras in which ancient people lived. As a result, excavation efforts continue across the globe to uncover artifacts that contribute valuable information, which is then documented in specialized literature, ensuring this heritage remains accessible to future generations.
Historical Sites
Petra in Jordan
Petra, also known as the Rose City, is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Established by the Nabataeans over two thousand years ago, it served as the capital of their kingdom and was carved into vibrant rose-colored rock, which is how it earned its name. Interestingly, the term “Petra” translates to “rock” in Greek.
Located in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Petra is approximately 262 kilometers south of the capital, Amman. The breathtaking scenery and historical significance of Petra attract tourists from around the world, who often traverse the Siq, a narrow gorge leading to the site. This remarkable passageway stretches about 1,000 meters, with towering walls rising approximately 300 meters above the ground, ultimately guiding visitors to the enchanting Rose City of Petra.
Qaitbay Citadel in Egypt
Construction of the Qaitbay Citadel began under Sultan Al-Ashraf Abu al-Nasr Qaitbay in 882 CE, taking two years to complete by 884 CE. The choice of Alexandria as the site for this fortress was prompted by the pressing threats to Egypt from the Ottoman Empire, which posed a danger to the entire Arab region. The citadel was erected on the site of the ancient Lighthouse of Pharos.
The citadel was designed in a square layout, surrounded by water on three sides. Within its walls, it features both an outer and inner defensive structure; the outer wall includes towers at each corner, which rise to the height of the wall on three sides, while the fourth side contains defensive openings. The inner wall houses barracks and armories for military protection.
The Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy
The Leaning Tower of Pisa, located in Tuscany, Italy, was constructed in a Romanesque architectural style using white marble. This tower, which consists of eight stories and is cylindrical in shape, is famously tilted, contributing to its worldwide fame. Visitors marvel at its precarious position, sustained despite its lean, caused by subsidence in the soil beneath one section of its foundation. Currently, the tower leans at an angle of approximately 18 feet.