Cholera
Cholera, caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae, spreads primarily through the consumption of water and food contaminated with the feces of infected individuals. This disease is particularly prevalent in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, as well as in regions affected by conflict. The bacteria can also be found in contaminated seafood. Although symptoms are often mild, approximately one in twenty infected individuals may experience severe diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, leading to dehydration that can be fatal if untreated. Signs of dehydration include:
- Dry mucous membranes, including those of the throat, mouth, nose, and eyelids.
- Increased thirst.
- Low blood pressure.
- Rapid heart rate.
- Muscle cramps.
- Decreased skin elasticity.
Salmonella Infection
The Salmonella bacteria typically reside in the intestines of both humans and animals, being excreted through feces. Ingestion of contaminated food or water can lead to infection, with high-risk foods including raw meats, poultry, fruits, and vegetables. An increased risk of infection can also arise from handling food without properly washing hands after changing diapers or using the restroom. Additionally, pet ownership, particularly of reptiles and birds, can elevate the risk of exposure. Symptoms associated with this infection include:
- Fever.
- Headache.
- Diarrhea.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Chills.
- Abdominal cramps.
- Presence of blood in stool.
Whooping Cough
Whooping cough, scientifically known as Pertussis, is a highly contagious bacterial disease transmitted through droplet spread from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. Individuals affected by whooping cough may experience a persistent cough lasting up to three months or longer, making infants and young children particularly vulnerable. Initial symptoms resemble those of a common cold, including sore throat, red eyes, excessive tearing, and a slight fever. After approximately one week, severe coughing fits emerge, lasting several minutes, often worsening at night. These intense episodes are usually accompanied by thick mucus and can induce vomiting. Over time, these fits gradually decrease in frequency and severity, although complete resolution may take several months.
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever is classified as a severe and potentially life-threatening illness caused by a specific serotype of Salmonella known as Salmonella Typhi. Annually, it is estimated that around twenty-two million cases of typhoid fever occur worldwide. Patients suffering from typhoid experience a persistent fever that often reaches up to 40 degrees Celsius, along with other symptoms, including:
- Headaches.
- Abdominal pain.
- General weakness.
- Loss of appetite.
- Diarrhea or constipation.
- Coughing.