Rules of Tajweed in Surah Al-Insan

Rules of Alif Lam Ya and Tanween in Surah Al-Insan

It is essential to note that the rules regarding Alif Lam Ya are specifically related to the silent Alif, which appears either in a medial or terminal position, as well as the Tanween, which is an additional “n” that occurs only at the ends of nouns. There are four major rules concerning the silent Alif and Tanween: Izhhar (clarification), Idgham (merging), Ikhlaab (conversion), and Ikhfaa (concealment).

Surah Al-Insan presents numerous instances where these rules are applied, including the following examples:

Example	Rule
(الْإِنسَانِ).	Ikhfaa.
(حِينٌ مِّنَ).	Idgham with complete ghunnah.
(شَيْئًا مَّذْكُورًا).	Idgham with complete ghunnah.
(مِن نُّطْفَةٍ).	Idgham with complete ghunnah.
(نُّطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ).	Izhhar.
(سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا).	Ikhlaab.
(شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا).	Idgham with incomplete ghunnah.
(وَأَغْلَالًا وَسَعِيرًا).	Idgham with incomplete ghunnah.
(مِن كَأْسٍ).	Ikhfaa.
(عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ).	Idgham with incomplete ghunnah.
(يَوْمًا كَانَ).	Ikhfaa.
(مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا).	Idgham with incomplete ghunnah.
(يَوْمًا عَبُوسًا).	Izhhar.
(عَبُوسًا قَمْطَرِيرًا).	Ikhfaa.
(نَضْرَةً وَسُرُورًا).	Idgham with incomplete ghunnah.
(جَنَّةً وَحَرِيرًا).	Idgham with incomplete ghunnah.
(شَمْسًا وَلَا).	Idgham with incomplete ghunnah.
(وَدَانِيَةً عَلَيْهِمْ).	Izhhar.
(مِّن فِضَّةٍ).	Ikhfaa.

Rules of the Silent Meem in Surah Al-Insan

The rules of the Silent Meem pertain specifically to the Meem that is devoid of movement. This Meem can precede any letters of the Arabic alphabet, with the exception of the three letters of lengthening, as it is impossible to pronounce two silent letters together. The rules relating to the Silent Meem, based on the subsequent letters, are classified into three categories: phonetic concealment before the letter Baa, phonetic merging before another Meem, and phonetic declaration in the presence of other letters.

Surah Al-Insan demonstrates multiple applications of the rules governing the Silent Meem, including the following examples:

Example	Rule
(لَمْ يَكُن).	Phonetic declaration.
(مِنكُمْ جَزَاءً).	Phonetic declaration.
(وَلَقَّاهُمْ نَضْرَةً).	Phonetic declaration.
(وَجَزَاهُمْ بِمَا).	Phonetic declaration.
(عَلَيْهِم بِآنِيَةٍ).	Phonetic concealment.
(عَلَيْهِمْ ظِلَالُهَا).	Phonetic declaration.
(خَلَقْنَاهُمْ وَشَدَدْنَا).	Phonetic declaration.
(أَسْرَهُمْ وَإِذَا).	Phonetic declaration.
(رَأَيْتَهُمْ حَسِبْتَهُمْ).	Phonetic declaration.
(لَهُمْ عَذَابًا).	Phonetic declaration.
(عَالِيَهُمْ ثِيَابُ).	Phonetic declaration.
(وَسَقَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ).	Phonetic declaration.

Rules of the Substitutional Lengthening in Surah Al-Insan

The substitutional lengthening refers to the elongation that derives from all types of elongations except natural elongation. The causes for substitutional lengthening, based on what follows the letters of elongation, are as follows:

• Due to hamzah: When elongation is caused by a hamzah, it may either be consecutive if the letter of elongation occurs with the hamzah in the same word, or it may be separated if the letter occurs at the end of one word and the hamzah occurs at the start of the next word.
• Due to silence: Lengthening resulting from silence may be either temporary or original. If a letter of elongation is followed by an original silence, this is referred to as required elongation, which can be categorized as either word-related or letter-related, specifically pertaining to the abbreviated letters at the start of certain Surahs. If the letter of elongation is followed by a temporary silence, this is known as the temporary elongation of silence.

Surah Al-Insan includes numerous applications of elongations, detailed in the following examples:

Example	Rule
(إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا).	Separated elongation.
(جَزَاءً).	Connected elongation while continuing, replacement elongation while stopping.
(الْأَرَائِكِ).	Connected elongation.
(وَرَاءَهُمْ).	Connected elongation.
(وَشَدَدْنَا أَسْرَهُمْ).	Connected elongation.
(بَدَّلْنَا أَمْثَالَهُمْ).	Separated elongation.
(شَاءَ).	Connected elongation while continuing, temporary elongation of silence while stopping.
(تَشَاءُونَ).	Connected elongation.
(يَشَاءَ).	Connected elongation while continuing, temporary elongation of silence while stopping.